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Gold kiwifruit
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Gold kiwifruit
Gold kiwifruit or yellow kiwifruit refers to several kiwifruit cultivars with yellow flesh. They are grown from the species Actinidia chinensis - a close relative of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, the variety known for the green-fleshed 'Hayward' cultivar.
Some of the notable commercial gold kiwifruit cultivars include Hort16A, developed by the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1991 and first marketed internationally by Zespri International Ltd in 1997 as Zespri Gold; and Jintao, a Chinese cultivar selected in 1981 by the Wuhan Institute of Botany from wild plants in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province, which entered commercial production in China and Italy by 2001. Varieties such as Hort16A and Jintao are sweeter and more aromatic than the green-fleshed 'Hayward' cultivar, with smoother skin and less fuzz. However, yellow-fleshed cultivars generally have a shorter storage life compared to Hayward, which is more resilient during storage.
During the late 2000s and early 2010s, Hort16A kiwifruit orchards were impacted by the spread of a bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (commonly referred to as PSA), leading to significant losses of crop. In response, a new cultivar, Zesy002 (marketed as Zespri SunGold™) was chosen as a replacement less susceptible to PSA. By 2022, two-thirds of kiwifruit volume produced in New Zealand were for gold kiwifruit.
Gold kiwifruit cultivars are sweeter and less tart compared to Hayward cultivar green kiwifruit, and have a smoother, less fuzzy skin. The major cultivars range from 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) in length, similar to Hayward green kiwifruit.
Actinidia chinensis is a plant native to mountainous areas of central China, including the modern provinces of Hunan and Hubei. While never formally cultivated, fruit of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis were often harvested from the wild and sold at markets in China. During the early-to-mid 20th century, a market developed in New Zealand for a closely related green-fleshed variety, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, then known to New Zealanders as Chinese gooseberries. By 1959, cultivars that had developed in New Zealand were being marketed as kiwifruit. In the 1970s, Chinese horticulturists began surveying wild germplasm of Actinidia species growing in mountainous central China, in order to develop cultivars which could compete with the popularity of New Zealand kiwifruit cultivars. While trial cultivars which were investigated and developed from the wild plants primarily focused on Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, these surveys of wild plants revealed the potential for sweet, yellow-fleshed Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis fruit to be developed as kiwifruit cultivars. The first known commercial Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis orchard was established in Xixia County, Henan, in 1980.
From 1970, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research of New Zealand (which later became HortResearch) focused on developing new cultivars and better propagation methods for kiwifruit. As a part of this work, seeds of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis were imported from China between 1979 and 1981, from which the DSIR worked towards establishing gold and red varieties of kiwifruit, and cultivars of green kiwifruit which would mature more early in the year. The gold kiwifruit cultivar Hort16A was first developed by this programme in 1991, and in 1997, the first trial exports of the fruit were being undertaken. Hort16A was the first commercially successful cultivar of Actinidia fruit from a planned breeding programme. In 1999 and 2000, New Zealand kiwifruit marketers Zespri began marketing the cultivar as Zespri Gold kiwifruit on the international market. By 2001, 5.2 million trays were being exported from New Zealand.
The Chinese golden kiwifruit cultivar Jintao (Chinese: 金桃; pinyin: jīntáo; trans. "golden peach") was first identified in the Chinese national Actinidia germplasm survey in 1981, from a plant that was growing in Wuning County, Jiangxi. It was subsequently grown and evaluated at the Wuhan Institute of Botany, grown under the testing names Wuzhi No. 6 and WIB-C-6.
Jintao was introduced to Europe in 1998 through a European Union-funded project (INCO-DC). Between 1998 and 2000, it underwent evaluations with institutions including I.N.R.A. in Bordeaux (France), the University of Thessaloniki (Greece), and the University of Udine (Italy). By 2001, graftings of the fruit were officially sold for propagation in Italy. The exclusive breeding and marketing rights for Jintao were sold to the Italian company Jingold in the same year, which facilitated its production in multiple countries, including Portugal, Chile, Argentina, and South Africa. In 2017, Jingold and China's government-run Wuhan Botanical Garden, jointly launched the Goodwei brand specifically for kiwifruit produced in China. In 2018, the Goodwei brand secured the exclusive license to introduce the Jintao variety to the Chinese market for the first time.
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Gold kiwifruit
Gold kiwifruit or yellow kiwifruit refers to several kiwifruit cultivars with yellow flesh. They are grown from the species Actinidia chinensis - a close relative of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, the variety known for the green-fleshed 'Hayward' cultivar.
Some of the notable commercial gold kiwifruit cultivars include Hort16A, developed by the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1991 and first marketed internationally by Zespri International Ltd in 1997 as Zespri Gold; and Jintao, a Chinese cultivar selected in 1981 by the Wuhan Institute of Botany from wild plants in Wuning County, Jiangxi Province, which entered commercial production in China and Italy by 2001. Varieties such as Hort16A and Jintao are sweeter and more aromatic than the green-fleshed 'Hayward' cultivar, with smoother skin and less fuzz. However, yellow-fleshed cultivars generally have a shorter storage life compared to Hayward, which is more resilient during storage.
During the late 2000s and early 2010s, Hort16A kiwifruit orchards were impacted by the spread of a bacterial infection caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (commonly referred to as PSA), leading to significant losses of crop. In response, a new cultivar, Zesy002 (marketed as Zespri SunGold™) was chosen as a replacement less susceptible to PSA. By 2022, two-thirds of kiwifruit volume produced in New Zealand were for gold kiwifruit.
Gold kiwifruit cultivars are sweeter and less tart compared to Hayward cultivar green kiwifruit, and have a smoother, less fuzzy skin. The major cultivars range from 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) in length, similar to Hayward green kiwifruit.
Actinidia chinensis is a plant native to mountainous areas of central China, including the modern provinces of Hunan and Hubei. While never formally cultivated, fruit of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis were often harvested from the wild and sold at markets in China. During the early-to-mid 20th century, a market developed in New Zealand for a closely related green-fleshed variety, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, then known to New Zealanders as Chinese gooseberries. By 1959, cultivars that had developed in New Zealand were being marketed as kiwifruit. In the 1970s, Chinese horticulturists began surveying wild germplasm of Actinidia species growing in mountainous central China, in order to develop cultivars which could compete with the popularity of New Zealand kiwifruit cultivars. While trial cultivars which were investigated and developed from the wild plants primarily focused on Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, these surveys of wild plants revealed the potential for sweet, yellow-fleshed Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis fruit to be developed as kiwifruit cultivars. The first known commercial Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis orchard was established in Xixia County, Henan, in 1980.
From 1970, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research of New Zealand (which later became HortResearch) focused on developing new cultivars and better propagation methods for kiwifruit. As a part of this work, seeds of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis were imported from China between 1979 and 1981, from which the DSIR worked towards establishing gold and red varieties of kiwifruit, and cultivars of green kiwifruit which would mature more early in the year. The gold kiwifruit cultivar Hort16A was first developed by this programme in 1991, and in 1997, the first trial exports of the fruit were being undertaken. Hort16A was the first commercially successful cultivar of Actinidia fruit from a planned breeding programme. In 1999 and 2000, New Zealand kiwifruit marketers Zespri began marketing the cultivar as Zespri Gold kiwifruit on the international market. By 2001, 5.2 million trays were being exported from New Zealand.
The Chinese golden kiwifruit cultivar Jintao (Chinese: 金桃; pinyin: jīntáo; trans. "golden peach") was first identified in the Chinese national Actinidia germplasm survey in 1981, from a plant that was growing in Wuning County, Jiangxi. It was subsequently grown and evaluated at the Wuhan Institute of Botany, grown under the testing names Wuzhi No. 6 and WIB-C-6.
Jintao was introduced to Europe in 1998 through a European Union-funded project (INCO-DC). Between 1998 and 2000, it underwent evaluations with institutions including I.N.R.A. in Bordeaux (France), the University of Thessaloniki (Greece), and the University of Udine (Italy). By 2001, graftings of the fruit were officially sold for propagation in Italy. The exclusive breeding and marketing rights for Jintao were sold to the Italian company Jingold in the same year, which facilitated its production in multiple countries, including Portugal, Chile, Argentina, and South Africa. In 2017, Jingold and China's government-run Wuhan Botanical Garden, jointly launched the Goodwei brand specifically for kiwifruit produced in China. In 2018, the Goodwei brand secured the exclusive license to introduce the Jintao variety to the Chinese market for the first time.
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