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Gold nanocage
Gold nanocages (AuNCs) are gold nanoparticles of size 20–500 nm with a hollow cubic structure and porous walls. They can be synthesized by reacting silver nanoparticles with chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) in boiling water. Gold nanocages have been suggested for use in drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and as contrast agents.
Gold nanocages were first created in 2002 by a group at Washington University, Saint Louis, led by Younan Xia. He developed the idea for the synthesis when he was teaching galvanic replacement in a general chemistry course at the same time as a method for silver nanocube creation via polyol reduction was being developed.
Since the invention of AuNCs, research has focused on the development of alternative synthesis strategies for more precise tuning of nanocage structure and properties. Another significant area of nanocage development has been the investigation of their potential applications in photoacoustic tomography, photothermal cancer therapy, and controlled drug delivery.
The fundamental reaction in the preparation of gold nanocages is a galvanic replacement reaction between chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and “sacrificial templates” made of Ag nanostructures:
3Ag(s) + HAuCl4(aq) → Au(s) + 3AgCl(s) + HCl(aq)
Silver nanotemplates (often nanocubes) can be synthesized via a polyol reduction in which ethylene glycol is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to form glycolaldehyde. Glycolaldehyde can then be used to reduce Ag+ into elemental Ag.
2Ag+(aq) + HOCH2CHO(aq) + H2O(l) → 2Ag(s) + HOCH2COOH(aq) + 2H+(aq)
AuNCs can be formed from different silver nanostructures, including nanocubes with sharp or truncated corners, single-crystal octahedrons with truncated corners, and polycrystalline quasi-spheres.
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Gold nanocage
Gold nanocages (AuNCs) are gold nanoparticles of size 20–500 nm with a hollow cubic structure and porous walls. They can be synthesized by reacting silver nanoparticles with chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) in boiling water. Gold nanocages have been suggested for use in drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and as contrast agents.
Gold nanocages were first created in 2002 by a group at Washington University, Saint Louis, led by Younan Xia. He developed the idea for the synthesis when he was teaching galvanic replacement in a general chemistry course at the same time as a method for silver nanocube creation via polyol reduction was being developed.
Since the invention of AuNCs, research has focused on the development of alternative synthesis strategies for more precise tuning of nanocage structure and properties. Another significant area of nanocage development has been the investigation of their potential applications in photoacoustic tomography, photothermal cancer therapy, and controlled drug delivery.
The fundamental reaction in the preparation of gold nanocages is a galvanic replacement reaction between chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and “sacrificial templates” made of Ag nanostructures:
3Ag(s) + HAuCl4(aq) → Au(s) + 3AgCl(s) + HCl(aq)
Silver nanotemplates (often nanocubes) can be synthesized via a polyol reduction in which ethylene glycol is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen to form glycolaldehyde. Glycolaldehyde can then be used to reduce Ag+ into elemental Ag.
2Ag+(aq) + HOCH2CHO(aq) + H2O(l) → 2Ag(s) + HOCH2COOH(aq) + 2H+(aq)
AuNCs can be formed from different silver nanostructures, including nanocubes with sharp or truncated corners, single-crystal octahedrons with truncated corners, and polycrystalline quasi-spheres.