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Grand Loop Road
Grand Loop Road is located in Wyoming
Grand Loop Road
Grand Loop Road is located in the United States
Grand Loop Road
LocationYellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Coordinates44°38′16″N 110°36′54″W / 44.63778°N 110.61500°W / 44.63778; -110.61500 (Grand Loop Road Historic District)
ArchitectU.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Park Service
NRHP reference No.03001345
Added to NRHPDecember 23, 2003[1]

The Grand Loop Road is a historic district which encompasses the primary road system in Yellowstone National Park. Much of the 140-mile (230 km) system was originally planned by Captain Hiram M. Chittenden of the US Army Corps of Engineers in the early days of the park, when it was under military administration. The Grand Loop Road provides access to the major features of the park, including the Upper, Midway and Lower geyser basins, Mammoth Hot Springs, Tower Fall, the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Yellowstone Lake.[2]

A number of other historic districts adjoin the Grand Loop in Yellowstone, including Mammoth Hot Springs, North Entrance Road, Roosevelt Lodge, Lake Fish Hatchery and Old Faithful historic districts.

Grand Loop Rd. includes unsigned portions of US 20, US 89, US 191 and US 287, all of which traverse the park. The road was named by Harry W. Frantz in 1923, who served as the park's publicist before beginning a long career as a journalist.[3]

Route

[edit]

Beginning at the junction of the North Entrance Road and Grand Loop Rd. at Yellowstone National Park headquarters at Fort Yellowstone near Mammoth Hot Springs 44°58′34″N 110°42′2″W / 44.97611°N 110.70056°W / 44.97611; -110.70056 (Grand Loop Road-Mammoth Hot Springs), the road travels south, passing through Golden Gate Canyon on a viaduct and ascending the Gallatin Range, crossing Kingman Pass near Bunsen Peak. From the pass, the road descends into the Gardner River valley. At the south end of the valley, the road passes Sheepeater Cliff, a prominent columnar basalt cliff. After crossing the Gardner River, the road follows Obsidian Creek into Obsidian Canyon, passing Obsidian Cliff about halfway through the canyon. From Obsidian Canyon, the road continues south into the Norris Valley and the Norris Geyser Basin (44°43′38″N 110°41′47″W / 44.72722°N 110.69639°W / 44.72722; -110.69639 (Grand Loop Road-Norris Junction)). Here, the road meets the Gibbon River and follows it into the Gibbon Geyser Basin and Gibbon Canyon. Emerging from the canyon the Gibbon River merges with the Firehole River to form the Madison River. At this point—Madison Junction (44°38′43″N 110°51′29″W / 44.64528°N 110.85806°W / 44.64528; -110.85806 (Grand Loop Road-Madison Junction)), the road junctions with West Entrance Road which follows the Madison River west out of the park and to West Yellowstone, Montana.

Grand Loop Rd. continues to follow the Firehole River south and east. In a relatively short distance, the road travels through the three most notable geyser basins in the park: Lower Geyser Basin, Midway Geyser Basin and Upper Geyser Basin. The Old Faithful Historic District is located on Grand Loop Rd. adjacent to the Upper Geyser Basin. Turning east from Old Faithful the road crosses the Continental Divide over Craig Pass, and descends to the West Thumb Geyser Basin on the shore of Yellowstone Lake. West Thumb (44°24′49″N 110°34′42″W / 44.41361°N 110.57833°W / 44.41361; -110.57833 (Grand Loop Road-West Thumb)) is the southernmost point on Great Loop Rd. Here the road junctions with South Entrance Road which continues south to Grand Teton National Park.

Grand Loop Rd. continues north along the shore of Yellowstone Lake. Near the northern end of the lake it passes the Lake Hotel and the Lake Fish Hatchery Historic District. Just past the Lake Hotel area (44°34′1″N 110°23′11″W / 44.56694°N 110.38639°W / 44.56694; -110.38639 (Grand Loop Road-Lake)), the East Entrance Road turns right and crosses the Yellowstone River over Fishing Bridge and continues east to Cody, Wyoming. Grand Loop Rd. follows the western side of the Yellowstone River north into the Hayden Valley and past upper Yellowstone Falls near the mouth of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (44°44′9″N 110°29′35″W / 44.73583°N 110.49306°W / 44.73583; -110.49306 (Grand Loop Road-Canyon)). The road then crosses Dunraven Pass near Mount Washburn and descends to Tower Fall and Tower Junction (44°54′57″N 110°24′56″W / 44.91583°N 110.41556°W / 44.91583; -110.41556 (Grand Loop Road-Tower Junction)) where it intersects with the Northeast Entrance Road to Cooke City, Montana.

From Tower Junction, the road travels north and then west through the Gallatin Range to complete the loop at Mammoth Hot Springs.

Major junctions

[edit]

Counterclockwise (CCW) reads down; clockwise (CW) reads up.

CountyLocationmi[4]kmDestinationsNotes
ParkMammoth Hot Springs0.00.0
 US 89 north (North Entrance Road) – Visitor Center, Campground, Gardiner		CW end of US 89 overlap
Stretch of road closed December–April
Madison Junction34.355.2

 US 20 west / US 191 / US 287 north (West Entrance Road) – Campground, West Yellowstone		CW end of US 20/US 191/US 287 overlap; West Entrance Rd. closed December–April
Teton​50.280.8Old FaithfulInterchange
West Thumb Geyser Basin67.8109.1
 US 89 / US 191 / US 287 south (South Entrance Road) – Grant Village, Lewis Lake, Grand Teton, Jackson		CCW end of US 89/US 191/US 287 overlap; South Entrance Rd. closed winters
Stretch of road closed winters
Fishing Bridge88.4142.3
 US 14 / US 16 / US 20 east (East Entrance Road) – Sylvan Pass, Cody		CCW end of US 20 overlap; western terminus of US 14/US 16; East Entrance Rd. closed winters
Stretch of road closed winters
ParkTower Junction122.0196.3
 US 212 east (Northeast Entrance Road) – Northeast Entrance, Silver Gate, Cooke City		Western terminus of US 212
Mammoth Hot Springs140.1225.5
 US 89 north (North Entrance Road) – Visitor Center, Campground, Gardiner		See above
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Grand Loop Road

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from Grokipedia
The Grand Loop Road is the primary road system and a designated historic district in Yellowstone National Park, United States, forming a 140-mile (230 km) loop that connects the park's major entrances and provides essential visitor access to key attractions including Old Faithful Geyser, Mammoth Hot Springs, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. The road system, often described as a figure-eight configuration, links the park's most famous destinations while blending into the natural landscape. It passes through areas such as Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris Geyser Basin, the Firehole Geyser Basin (including Old Faithful), Yellowstone Lake, the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, and Tower Falls, enabling visitors to experience the park's diverse , wildlife habitats, and scenic vistas. Historically, the Grand Loop Road evolved from early park efforts in the 1870s, when Yellowstone's first superintendent, Philetus W. Norris, surveyed and laid out roads to improve access despite limited initial funding. Army engineer Captain Dan C. Kingsman advanced this work in 1883, focusing on the route that became the Grand Loop. Major Hiram C. Chittenden led a nine-year project starting in 1891 to complete the system by 1906, emphasizing scenic alignment over direct paths to showcase the park's natural beauty. Subsequent improvements, including Civilian Conservation Corps work in the 1930s that widened roads, added asphalt surfacing, and built bridges, modernized the network while preserving its historic character. The Grand Loop Road Historic District, recognized for representing the United States' first large-scale road plan in a national park, serves as a model for other parks. Most segments of the road are open seasonally to regular vehicles, typically from late spring to early fall, with the northern section (from Mammoth Hot Springs to the Northeast Entrance) remaining open year-round. Visitors should check current conditions on the National Park Service website, as weather, construction, or wildlife activity can affect access.

Overview

Description

The Grand Loop Road constitutes the primary road system in Yellowstone National Park, serving as the main thoroughfare and core circulation route for visitors. It provides essential access to the park's major points of interest and visitor facilities, enabling travel to prominent attractions such as Old Faithful Geyser, Mammoth Hot Springs, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Encompassing approximately 140 miles (230 km), the road forms a figure-eight loop that connects the park's key entrances and destinations, facilitating efficient visitor movement across Yellowstone's vast landscape. This configuration supports exploration of the park's diverse , wildlife habitats, and scenic areas, making it central to the visitor experience in the national park. The road is also recognized as the Grand Loop Road Historic District.

Figure-eight configuration

The Grand Loop Road forms a figure-eight configuration that serves as the primary road system in Yellowstone National Park. The road spans approximately 140 miles (230 km), consisting of an upper northern loop and a lower southern loop that intersect in the central portion of the park near Canyon Village. This layout connects the park's five main entrances (North, Northeast, East, South, and West) and provides efficient access to its major attractions.

Historic district status

The Grand Loop Road is designated as the Grand Loop Road Historic District, encompassing the park's primary 140-mile (230 km) road system in Yellowstone National Park. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 23, 2003, under reference number 03001345. The district is significant under National Register Criteria A, B, and C for its role in the broad patterns of transportation and tourism development in the national parks, its association with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers officer Hiram Martin Chittenden, and its embodiment of distinctive landscape architecture that harmonizes road design with the natural environment using native materials and sensitive alignment. This recognition highlights the road's influence as one of the first large-scale planned systems providing access to scenic and in a national park, serving as a model for subsequent park road planning nationwide. The historic district includes road segments, bridges, culverts, retaining walls, guardrails, and related features that collectively illustrate the evolution of park infrastructure while preserving environmental integration.

History

Early road development

The early roads in Yellowstone National Park evolved from indigenous trails used by Native American peoples, which were later adopted by trappers, prospectors, and early explorers. Expeditions such as the 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition highlighted the region's challenging terrain and laid groundwork for future access by identifying potential routes. Following the park's establishment in 1872, travel relied entirely on rudimentary trails traversed on foot or horseback, with no formal roads in existence. Early civilian superintendents faced limited funding and resources; , the first superintendent, struggled to develop access systems. His successor, Philetus W. Norris (serving 1877–1882), secured some funding to survey, widen, and mark existing trails, particularly those connecting the north entrance near Mammoth Hot Springs to . These improvements remained basic, involving vegetation clearing and minor smoothing rather than engineered construction. In the 1880s, under subsequent civilian superintendents, modest enhancements continued, including extensions toward the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Yellowstone Lake, often supported by private entrepreneurs building narrow wagon paths for stagecoach use. The 1883 arrival of the Northern Pacific Railroad at Cinnabar, Montana, near the north entrance improved external access, enabling visitors to transfer to stagecoaches for travel into the park along improved but still rudimentary routes. In 1883, Army Engineer Captain Dan C. Kingsman advanced earlier efforts by focusing on the emerging Grand Loop route, including improvements to segments such as Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Geyser Basin, marking an early step toward more planned development. The transition to U.S. Army administration in 1886 brought greater organization to park management overall, setting the stage for later systematic road construction by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Construction by US Army Corps

The construction of the Grand Loop Road was primarily undertaken by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, beginning in 1883 and continuing during the military administration of Yellowstone National Park from 1886 to 1918. In 1883, the Corps assumed responsibility for road and bridge construction in the park, building on earlier rudimentary efforts and focusing on systematic improvements to create a cohesive network for visitor access. Major progress occurred under Lieutenant Hiram M. Chittenden (later promoted to Captain and Major), who took charge of road improvements in 1891 and initiated a comprehensive construction program to complete the Grand Loop. Chittenden planned and designed the road's alignment to harmonize with the park's natural landscape, prioritizing scenic views of key attractions over the shortest possible routes between points of interest. His efforts included grading roads, constructing bridges (such as those using durable Melan arch designs for strength and aesthetics), and surfacing segments suitable for horse-drawn wagons and stagecoaches. Chittenden's work, carried out during assignments from 1891 onward (with key periods in the early 1890s and 1899–1906), resulted in the first iteration of the full Grand Loop being completed by 1906, providing reliable wagon access throughout the park and establishing the foundational layout still evident today.

Naming and modern recognition

The Grand Loop Road received its name in 1923 from , who served as Director of Publicity for Yellowstone National Park. Frantz, a nationally known writer and journalist, coined the term to describe the road's distinctive figure-eight configuration encircling the park's primary attractions. Previously referred to as the Belt Line Road in earlier planning documents, the name "Grand Loop Road" emphasized its role as a comprehensive loop providing access to the park's key features. In modern recognition, the road is designated as the Grand Loop Road Historic District and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 23, 2003, acknowledging its historical and architectural significance as a pioneering road system designed to harmonize with Yellowstone's natural landscape.

Route description

Northern and eastern segments

The northern and eastern segments of the Grand Loop Road form the upper portion of the figure-eight loop in Yellowstone National Park, beginning at Mammoth Hot Springs near the North Entrance and proceeding southward through Golden Gate Canyon to Norris Geyser Basin. From Norris Geyser Basin, the road continues southeastward to Canyon Village, a key junction and developed area in the park's central region. East of Canyon Village, the route ascends through Dunraven Pass, a high-elevation segment, before descending to Tower Fall and continuing northeastward to Tower-Roosevelt Junction. At Tower-Roosevelt, the road connects to the Northeast Entrance road near Cooke City, Montana, completing the eastern arc and linking back toward the northern starting point at Mammoth Hot Springs to close the upper loop. These segments provide primary vehicular access between the park's northern and northeastern developed areas and junctions.

Southern and western segments

The southern and western segments of the Grand Loop Road form the lower portion of the park's figure-eight road system, connecting Madison Junction in the west to the Old Faithful area, then east across Craig Pass to West Thumb, and north along the western shore of Yellowstone Lake. From Madison Junction, the road proceeds south toward Old Faithful, traversing the Lower Geyser Basin and paralleling the Firehole River for much of the distance. This segment provides access to the Old Faithful developed area and the Upper Geyser Basin. At the Old Faithful Interchange, the road turns east and ascends over Craig Pass, crossing the continental divide at Isa Lake before descending to West Thumb on the western edge of Yellowstone Lake. This segment, known as West Thumb to Old Faithful via Craig Pass, links the near Old Faithful with the lake area. From West Thumb, the road continues north along the western shoreline of Yellowstone Lake, passing through developed areas including Grant Village and Bridge Bay before reaching Lake Village. Beyond Lake Village, the route proceeds northeast through Hayden Valley en route to Canyon Village, completing the southern connection to the eastern park sections.

Key junctions and intersections

The Grand Loop Road features several major junctions that serve as critical intersections within Yellowstone National Park's figure-eight road system, connecting the upper and lower loops while providing access to entrance roads and park areas. Madison Junction marks the intersection where the West Entrance Road from West Yellowstone, Montana, meets the Grand Loop Road. From here, the Grand Loop Road extends south toward Old Faithful and north toward Norris Junction, a distance of 13.6 miles. This junction serves as a primary gateway for visitors entering from the west. Norris Junction is a three-way intersection on the Grand Loop Road. From this point, the road heads south toward Madison Junction, north toward Mammoth Hot Springs, and east toward Canyon Junction (a distance of 11.8 miles). A short side road to the west leads directly to Norris Geyser Basin. This hub is central to navigating between the upper and lower loops. Canyon Junction connects multiple segments of the Grand Loop Road, including the Norris-to-Canyon section (via a right turn from certain approaches), the Canyon-to-Fishing Bridge section (straight ahead), and access to Canyon Village and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone area (via a left turn). It facilitates movement between the eastern and central parts of the park. Tower Junction (also known as Tower-Roosevelt Junction) is where the Grand Loop Road intersects the Northeast Entrance Road leading to Cooke City, Montana. From here, the Grand Loop Road continues west toward Mammoth Hot Springs and south toward Canyon Junction (a distance of 18.6 miles). This junction provides access to the northeastern part of the park and the year-round open road segment to the North Entrance.

Seasonal access

Typical opening and closing patterns

The Grand Loop Road is typically open to regular wheeled vehicles (such as cars, motorcycles, and RVs) from late April or early May through late October or early November, with exact dates varying by segment and subject to weather conditions. Lower-elevation segments, such as those near the West Entrance to Madison and Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris, often open earlier, around mid-April, while higher-elevation sections like Dunraven Pass (Canyon Village to Tower Fall) generally open later, around late May. Most segments of the Grand Loop Road close to regular vehicle traffic from early November until late April or early May, when winter conditions make wheeled access impractical. During this extended winter closure period, the road is inaccessible to standard vehicles, with closures typically beginning on or around November 1. The only portion of the Grand Loop Road open year-round to regular wheeled vehicles is the segment from the North Entrance (near Gardiner, Montana) through Mammoth Hot Springs to the Northeast Entrance (near Cooke City, Montana), though even this route may experience temporary closures due to severe weather.

Projected 2026 dates

The National Park Service provides anticipated regular vehicle travel dates for segments of the Grand Loop Road in Yellowstone National Park for 2026, though all dates remain subject to change depending on weather conditions. Key projected dates for Grand Loop Road segments include:
  • West Entrance to Madison, Madison to Old Faithful, Madison to Norris, Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris, and Norris to Canyon Village: open April 17 to October 31, 2026.
  • East Entrance to Fishing Bridge (Sylvan Pass) and Canyon Village to Bridge Bay: open May 1 to October 31, 2026.
  • South Entrance to West Thumb, West Thumb to Old Faithful (Craig Pass), West Thumb to Lake Village, and Tower-Roosevelt to Tower Fall: open May 8 to October 31, 2026.
  • Canyon Village to Tower Fall (Dunraven Pass): open May 22 to October 12, 2026. This high-elevation pass typically experiences more winter weather than other park roads, and its closing date is particularly subject to change.
Fall 2026 road status (September–November) remains weather-dependent, with no detailed closures indicated beyond October for most segments. Visitors should always verify current conditions via the official NPS road status page (nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/parkroads.htm), the recorded information line at (307) 344-2117, or road alerts. Road access to Colter Bay in adjacent Grand Teton National Park is generally year-round, though visitors should check the Grand Teton roads page for any seasonal notes.

Winter oversnow travel

During the winter season, most segments of the Grand Loop Road are closed to conventional wheeled vehicles and open exclusively to oversnow travel, typically from mid-December to mid-March, weather permitting. Access to these segments is primarily provided by commercially guided snowcoaches and snowmobiles, which transport visitors to major attractions along the loop, including Old Faithful and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. A limited non-commercially guided snowmobile access program also operates under strict regulations, including group size caps, best available technology requirements for vehicles, and a lottery system for permits, though commercial guided options remain the dominant means of oversnow travel. The road corridor from the North Entrance to the Northeast Entrance remains open year-round to regular wheeled vehicles.

Major attractions

Geothermal features and geyser basins

The Grand Loop Road provides visitor access to several of Yellowstone National Park's major , which collectively display the diversity of the park's , including hot springs, , mudpots, and formed by underground . Norris Geyser Basin, one of the hottest and most dynamic in the park, features extreme temperatures—reaching up to 459°F (237°C) at depth—and frequent changes in activity due to seismic and hydrothermal processes. It is divided into Porcelain Basin and Back Basin, with notable features including Steamboat Geyser, the world's tallest active geyser, capable of erupting water and steam over 300 feet (91 m) high, though eruptions are unpredictable. The Upper Geyser Basin contains the highest concentration of geysers in the park, with at least 150 hydrothermal features within about one square mile, including predictable geysers such as Old Faithful, Castle, Grand, Daisy, and Riverside. Old Faithful erupts approximately every 102 minutes (±10 minutes), reaching heights of 106 to over 180 feet (averaging 130 feet) and expelling 3,700 to 8,400 gallons of water per eruption lasting 1½ to 5 minutes. Midway Geyser Basin, though smaller, is notable for its spectacular hot springs, including Grand Prismatic Spring—the park's largest—with a diameter of 200 to 330 feet and depth exceeding 121 feet, and Excelsior Geyser, a large crater discharging over 4,000 gallons of water per minute into the Firehole River. The is the largest thermal area in Yellowstone, spanning approximately 18 square miles (47 square kilometers), with significant hot water discharge and diverse features concentrated in areas like Fountain Paint Pot, including geysers, hot springs, and mudpots across a flat plain interspersed with meadows and forest. West Thumb Geyser Basin, situated along the shores of Yellowstone Lake, is the largest geyser basin on the lake and includes hot springs, boiling springs, mudpots, and geysers, some extending offshore into the water. Notable features include Abyss Pool, a deep ultramarine hot spring, and Fishing Cone, a historic hot spring cone known for past eruptions up to 40 feet high.

Canyons, waterfalls, and viewpoints

The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone forms a dramatic 20-mile-long (32 km) gorge along the Yellowstone River, with depths exceeding 1,000 feet (305 m) and widths varying from 1,500 to 4,000 feet (457–1,219 m). The canyon results from river erosion through rhyolitic rock, shaped by hydrothermal alteration and faulting following the Yellowstone Caldera eruption approximately 631,000 years ago. Two major waterfalls punctuate the canyon: the Upper Falls, dropping 109 feet (33 m), and the Lower Falls, plunging 308 feet (93 m). Access to the canyon's viewpoints occurs primarily through spurs off the Grand Loop Road near Canyon Village. The North Rim Drive, a one-way route beginning 1.2 miles (1.9 km) south of Canyon Junction, leads to several overlooks including Brink of the Lower Falls (with views of both falls and a steep trail to the brink), Lookout Point, Inspiration Point, and Grand View, each highlighting different aspects of the canyon's depth, color, and river flow. The South Rim Drive, starting 2.3 miles (3.7 km) south of Canyon Junction, provides access to Upper Falls viewpoints and Artist Point, a popular overlook offering expansive perspectives of the Lower Falls and canyon walls, with paved sidewalks to viewing areas. A short spur, Brink of the Upper Falls Drive, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) south of Canyon Junction, ends at a paved path overlooking the Upper Falls. Farther north along the Grand Loop Road, Dunraven Pass and nearby areas feature elevated viewpoints. Mount Washburn, a prominent peak accessible by trail from trailheads off the road (including near Dunraven Pass and Chittenden Road), rises to 10,219 feet (3,115 m) and offers panoramic vistas extending 20 to 50 miles (32 to 80 km) across the park's landscape. The pass itself, a high-elevation segment connecting Canyon Village to Tower Fall, includes scenic overlooks and pullouts with broad views of surrounding ridges and valleys.

Lakes, valleys, and wildlife areas

The Grand Loop Road provides access to several prominent lakes, valleys, and wildlife viewing areas in Yellowstone National Park, offering visitors opportunities to observe the park's diverse wildlife in expansive natural settings. Yellowstone Lake, situated along the southern portion of the Grand Loop Road, is the largest lake in the park and the largest high-elevation lake (above 7,000 feet / 2,134 m) in North America, at 7,733 feet (2,357 m) above sea level. Areas along the lake's western shore, such as West Thumb and Fishing Bridge, are accessible from the road and provide scenic views alongside wildlife observation opportunities, including grizzly bears, elk, and moose. Hayden Valley, a broad grassland valley traversed by the Grand Loop Road between Canyon Village and Fishing Bridge, is renowned as one of the premier wildlife viewing areas in the park. This open valley frequently offers sightings of large mammals such as , elk, grizzly bears, black bears, and wolves. Pullouts along the road allow safe viewing of these animals in their natural habitat. In the northern section of the loop, the Mammoth Hot Springs area features distinctive terraced formations and serves as a notable wildlife viewing location, where , black bears, elk, and mule deer are commonly observed roaming the grounds and nearby grasslands.

References

  1. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/yellowstone-national-park-world-heritage-site.htm
  2. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/yellowstonetravelexhibit/early-roads.htm
  3. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/places.htm
  4. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/parkroads.htm
  5. https://wyoshpo.wyo.gov/index.php/programs/national-register/wyoming-listings/view-full-list/916-grand-loop-road-historic-district
  6. https://wyoshpo.wyo.gov/index.php/files/808/Yellowstone%20National%20Park%20NR%20forms/1089/Grand%20Loop%20Road%20Historic%20District%20National%20Register%20form.pdf
  7. https://npshistory.com/publications/yell/nr-grand-loop-road-hd.pdf
  8. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/historicroads.htm
  9. https://npshistory.com/publications/yell/hrs-roads/chap1.htm
  10. https://npshistory.com/publications/highways/yellowstone/yellowstone.pdf
  11. https://npshistory.com/publications/yell/hrs-roads/chap3.htm
  12. https://yellowstone.net/history/the-age-of-the-automobile-1916-1971/
  13. http://www.gribblenation.org/2021/12/grand-loop-road-of-yellowstone-national.html
  14. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/brochure-text.htm
  15. https://www.yellowstonepark.com/road-trips/scenic-drives/grand-loop-madison-old-faithful-scenic-drive/
  16. https://parkplanning.nps.gov/IsaLake
  17. https://www.nationalparked.com/yellowstone/roads/madison-to-norris
  18. https://www.nationalparked.com/yellowstone/roads/norris-to-canyon
  19. https://www.nationalparked.com/yellowstone/roads/tower-to-canyon
  20. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/management/upload/Yellowstone-Superintendent-s-Compendium.pdf
  21. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/conditions.htm
  22. https://www.nps.gov/grte/planyourvisit/roads.htm
  23. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/news/25018.htm
  24. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/snowmobiling.htm
  25. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/hydrothermal-systems.htm
  26. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/norrisplan.htm
  27. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/exploreoldfaithful.htm
  28. https://www.nps.gov/places/000/midway-geyser-basin-trailhead.htm
  29. https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/ofvec/exhibits/treasures/lgb/index.htm
  30. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/west-thumb-geyser-basin.htm
  31. https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/yell-grand-canyon-of-the-yellowstone.htm
  32. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/canyonplan.htm
  33. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/grand-canyon.htm
  34. https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/yell-trail-chittdenden-road-mount-washburn.htm
  35. https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/yellowstone-lake.htm
  36. https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/photography.htm
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