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Höfle telegram
The Höfle telegram (or Hoefle telegram) is a one-page document containing detailed statistics on the 1942 murder of Jews in the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard (Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Lublin-Majdanek).
The document consists of several radio telegrams, decrypted and translated, including two messages sent by SS Sturmbannführer Hermann Höfle on 11 January 1943; one, to SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann in Berlin, and one to SS Obersturmbannführer Franz Heim in German-occupied Kraków,giving the number of arrivals at the extermination camps in the prior fortnight, as well as cumulative arrivals until 31 December 1942, during the deadliest phase of the "Final Solution".
The significance of the document was not realized at the time, but it was eventually rediscovered in 2000 in the archives of the Public Record Office in Kew, England by holocaust historians.
All Holocaust trains were run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The SS paid German Railways the equivalent of a third-class ticket for every prisoner transported via the Holocaust trains (Sonderzüge) to the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard from ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe and Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. Children under four went free. The payment was collected from the SS by the German Transport Authority on behalf of the Reichsbahn according to a schedule, at a cost of 4 Pfennig per track kilometer. The actual waybills did not include the number of prisoners in each cattle car because calculations were predetermined. The standard means of delivery was a 10-metre-long covered goods wagon, although third-class passenger carriages were also used with train tickets paid by the Jews themselves, when the SS wanted to keep up the "resettlement to work in the East" myth. The Deutsche Reichsbahn manual, which was used by the SS for making payments, had a listed carrying capacity of each trainset setup at 50 boxcars, each loaded with 50 prisoners.
In reality, boxcars were crammed with up to 100 persons and routinely loaded from the minimum of 150% to 200% capacity for the same price. Notably, during the mass deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka in 1942, trains carried up to 7,000 victims each, which reduced the cost to the SS by more than half. According to an expert report established on behalf of the German "Train of Commemoration" project, the receipts taken in by the state-owned Deutsche Reichsbahn for mass deportations in the period between 1938 and 1945 reached a sum of US$664,525,820.34.
The Höfle telegram is a decoded message, encrypted at source by the German Enigma machine. A missing "5" is added in the table, and is considered to be the correct figure, because only the number 713,555 yields the correct total of 1,274,166, and also the Korherr Report of 1943 substantiates that the total number of 1,274,166 Jews subjected to "special treatment" (Sonderbehandlung) in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland is correct to the last incongruous digit. The British decoded version of the telegram would almost certainly be a transcription error, since British security clearly did not realise what this message was about (see above). It is unlikely that the numerical mistake would have been noticed by them at the time. Admittedly the interception and decoding was not 100% accurate (see reproduction).
According to the US National Security Agency and the Holocaust historians, "it appears the British analysts who had decrypted the message missed the significance of this particular message at the time. No doubt this happened because the message itself contained only the identifying letters for the extermination camps followed by the numerical totals. The only clue would have been the reference to Operation Reinhard, the meaning of which – the plan to eliminate Polish Jewry that was named after the assassinated SS General Reinhard Heydrich – also probably was unknown at the time to the codebreakers at Bletchley."
As the numbers in the telegram were likely compiled and quoted by Höfle from records shared by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. and despite the Holocaust railway transportation records being incomplete as revealed by the Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes against the Polish Nation, the quoted numbers shed a new light on the scope of the crimes committed by the SS.
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Höfle telegram
The Höfle telegram (or Hoefle telegram) is a one-page document containing detailed statistics on the 1942 murder of Jews in the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard (Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Lublin-Majdanek).
The document consists of several radio telegrams, decrypted and translated, including two messages sent by SS Sturmbannführer Hermann Höfle on 11 January 1943; one, to SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann in Berlin, and one to SS Obersturmbannführer Franz Heim in German-occupied Kraków,giving the number of arrivals at the extermination camps in the prior fortnight, as well as cumulative arrivals until 31 December 1942, during the deadliest phase of the "Final Solution".
The significance of the document was not realized at the time, but it was eventually rediscovered in 2000 in the archives of the Public Record Office in Kew, England by holocaust historians.
All Holocaust trains were run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The SS paid German Railways the equivalent of a third-class ticket for every prisoner transported via the Holocaust trains (Sonderzüge) to the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard from ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe and Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. Children under four went free. The payment was collected from the SS by the German Transport Authority on behalf of the Reichsbahn according to a schedule, at a cost of 4 Pfennig per track kilometer. The actual waybills did not include the number of prisoners in each cattle car because calculations were predetermined. The standard means of delivery was a 10-metre-long covered goods wagon, although third-class passenger carriages were also used with train tickets paid by the Jews themselves, when the SS wanted to keep up the "resettlement to work in the East" myth. The Deutsche Reichsbahn manual, which was used by the SS for making payments, had a listed carrying capacity of each trainset setup at 50 boxcars, each loaded with 50 prisoners.
In reality, boxcars were crammed with up to 100 persons and routinely loaded from the minimum of 150% to 200% capacity for the same price. Notably, during the mass deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka in 1942, trains carried up to 7,000 victims each, which reduced the cost to the SS by more than half. According to an expert report established on behalf of the German "Train of Commemoration" project, the receipts taken in by the state-owned Deutsche Reichsbahn for mass deportations in the period between 1938 and 1945 reached a sum of US$664,525,820.34.
The Höfle telegram is a decoded message, encrypted at source by the German Enigma machine. A missing "5" is added in the table, and is considered to be the correct figure, because only the number 713,555 yields the correct total of 1,274,166, and also the Korherr Report of 1943 substantiates that the total number of 1,274,166 Jews subjected to "special treatment" (Sonderbehandlung) in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland is correct to the last incongruous digit. The British decoded version of the telegram would almost certainly be a transcription error, since British security clearly did not realise what this message was about (see above). It is unlikely that the numerical mistake would have been noticed by them at the time. Admittedly the interception and decoding was not 100% accurate (see reproduction).
According to the US National Security Agency and the Holocaust historians, "it appears the British analysts who had decrypted the message missed the significance of this particular message at the time. No doubt this happened because the message itself contained only the identifying letters for the extermination camps followed by the numerical totals. The only clue would have been the reference to Operation Reinhard, the meaning of which – the plan to eliminate Polish Jewry that was named after the assassinated SS General Reinhard Heydrich – also probably was unknown at the time to the codebreakers at Bletchley."
As the numbers in the telegram were likely compiled and quoted by Höfle from records shared by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. and despite the Holocaust railway transportation records being incomplete as revealed by the Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes against the Polish Nation, the quoted numbers shed a new light on the scope of the crimes committed by the SS.
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