Igor Ansoff (Russian: Игорь Ансов; 12 December 1918 – 14 July 2002) was a Russian-American applied mathematician and business manager. He is known as the father of strategic management.

Igor Ansoff (ne Shugarman) was born in Vladivostok, Russia, on December 12, 1918. His father Schmuel Wolchover was born in 1884 to a family of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire Karl and Roza Wolchover, who settled in Evansville, Indiana. He moved to Moscow to work in the U.S. Embassy and changes his name to Boris-Sam Shugarman; he had two daughters in his first marriage to Faina Shugarman (nee Levi), Mary (1908) and Victoria (1910). After the divorce, he married Eva Shugarman (nee Vagin), their only son Harry Igor was born in 1918 in Vladivostok.

At the time of Igor's birth, his father Boris-Sam Shugarman, was secretary to the American Consul General in Moscow, David R. Francis, and had just completed a cross-Siberian trip on behalf of the American Red Cross, examining living conditions in prisoner of war camps. This concluded with a trip to Japan in 1918, after which the family moved to Vladivostok. The United States had a large military and industrial presence in the Far East of Russia, with more than 3,000 troops on the ground under the command of General William S. Graves. During the six years that it took for the Bolshevik Revolution to make its way to Vladivostok, US embassies were slowly being shut down and their contents moved east. Many strategic records ended up in Tokyo and were destroyed in an earthquake and fire. Most of the remaining embassy documents made their way to Vladivostok.

The Shugarmans lived in Vladivostok until the US Embassy closed in 1924, until they returned to Moscow, with Boris-Sam Shugarman now a Soviet citizen. They travelled the 9,000 km (5592.3 mi) on the Trans-Siberian Railway, crossing Siberia in the middle of winter in a place where temperatures of -35 Celsius (-31 Fahrenheit) are common. The cattle cars of the trans-siberian were heated by coal burning stoves and the occupants slept on straw laid out on timber bunks.

With his father's American origin and his mother's "capitalist" background (her father had owned a small samovar factory in the town of Tula some hundred miles south of Moscow), the Shugarmans were suspected members of the bourgeoisie, a group assumed to harbor "counterrevolutionary" hopes and tendencies.

Igor's life in Moscow engendered in him a distrust of any system (political or organizational) that claimed to be too perfect or too tidy. This spirit "expressed itself through my inability to join other 'systems' in which I lived, studied, and worked. It reinforced my drive to excel in order to force the system to recognize and reward me. And perversely, it also drove me to excel through making innovative contributions which challenged the systems cultures."

From 1932 to 1933, two major events occurred in Soviet society: first, a massive and destructive famine, followed by the commencement of the Great Purge. In 1933 there was also a thawing of relations between the US and the Soviet Union, which led to the re-opening of the US embassy in Moscow under Ambassador William Bullit.

With the reestablishment of the American Embassy in Moscow, his father (now Samuel Shugarman) was able to get a clerical job and apply for restoration of his American citizenship.