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HM Land Registry

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HM Land Registry

His Majesty's Land Registry is a non-ministerial department of His Majesty's Government, created in 1862 to register the ownership of land and property in England and Wales. It reports to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The land register contains information on 87% (by area) of the freehold land in England and Wales as of 2019.

While HM Land Registry reports to MHCLG, it is operationally independent. The fees it charges for the registration and information services it provides are returned to HM Treasury. The current interim Chief Land Registrar (and interim CEO) is Ian Banfield.

The equivalent office in Scotland is the Registers of Scotland. Land and Property Services maintain records for Northern Ireland.

HM Land Registry registers the ownership of property, as well as noting other interests in registered land. It is one of the largest property databases in Europe. At the peak of the property boom in 2007, £1 million worth of property was processed every minute in England and Wales.

Like land registration organisations in other countries, HM Land Registry guarantees title to registered estates and interests in land. It records the ownership rights of freehold properties, and leasehold properties where the lease has been granted for a term exceeding seven years.

The definition of land can include the buildings situated upon the land, particularly where parts of buildings at different levels (such as flats) are in different ownership. It is also possible to register the ownership of the mines and minerals which lie within the ground, as well as airspace above property where this is in separate ownership.

Until April 2020, HM Land Registry operated as an executive agency of the UK Government and, as a trading fund, received no direct government funding, instead being required to ensure that its fee income covered all expenditure. In April 2020, HM Land Registry's trading fund status was revoked - since then it has received a budget from HM Treasury, like most other government departments. The funding that the Land Registry receives is offset by the fees charged under the Land Registration Fee Order 2021. It provides online access to its database of titles (ownership and charges or interests by other parties) and most plans (maps). Customers need to pay a fee to access some information.

Property owners whose property is not registered can make voluntary applications for registration. As of March 2024, there were more than 26.7 million registered titles representing 89% of the freehold land mass of England and Wales. Registration of land under the Land Registration Act 2002 affords property owners some protection against squatters as well as avoiding the need to produce old documents each time a property changes hands.

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