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Ha language
Ha language
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Ha language
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Ha language
Ha
Igiha
Native toTanzania
EthnicityAbaha
Native speakers
990,000 (2001)[1]
Latin (proposed)[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3haq
Glottologhaaa1252
JD.66[3]

Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Igiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma Region of Tanzania, spoken on the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika up to the headwaters of the Mikonga. It is closely related to the languages of Rwanda and Burundi; neighboring dialects are reported to be mutually intelligible with Kirundi.[4]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ
Plosive voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
Affricate p͡f t͡s t͡ʃ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced (β) v z
Tap ɾ
Approximant (l) j w
  • /ɾ/ is heard as [l] among different dialects in free variation.
  • /b/ can be heard as either [b] or [β] in complementary distribution.[5]

Vowels

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Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Further reading

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  • Bichwa, Saul S. 2018. "The Role of Prosodic Units in the Study of Giha." Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics, 1(1): 81-90.

References

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  1. ^ Ha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Harjula, Lotta (2006), "Designing Orthography for the Ha Language", Africa in the long run, Studia Orientalia, Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, pp. 173–183, ISBN 978-951-9380-67-4, retrieved 2025-01-06
  3. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  4. ^ Article by Spiridion Shyirambere in: Le Français hors de France sous la direction de A. Valdman, Editions Honoré Champion, 7 quai Mallasquai, Paris, 1979. The "zone of intercomprehension" is also reported to include KinyaRwanda, Hima and Luganda, and several other local languages.
  5. ^ Harjula, Lotta (2006). Designing orthography for the Ha language. In Studia Orientalia Electronica, 103: Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Soc. pp. 173–184.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
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