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Hainan Free Trade Port
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Hainan Free Trade Port
Hainan Free Trade Port refers to the designation of the entire island of Hainan, as a special economic development area and free-trade zone. It is the largest special economic zone in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
The Hainan Free Trade Port was announced by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping in 2018, which was followed by the approval of the port's establishment by the State Council of China. In 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Hainan Free Trade Port. Beginning in 2023, Hainan launched its customs closure operations (Chinese: 封关作业), adopting a "supervision of goods, not people" model. The Free Trade Port completed the customs closure and commenced full operation on 18 December 2025.
The Hainan Free Trade Port covers the entire province of Hainan. The Hainan Provincial People's Government operates under direct guidance from officials dispatched by central ministries and commissions under the State Council, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank of China, and the General Administration of Customs. The Law on the Hainan Free Trade Port outlines reforms related to changes in resident rights within the Free Trade Port, immigration and entry–exit policies, and customs closure procedures, representing a deepening of reform, innovation, and openness. Following authorization, Hainan is permitted to exercise a significant degree of local autonomy under the guidance of the central government. In addition to reforms and self-governance in customs, investment, and taxation, the province is expected to have distinct arrangements in major policies, administrative management, and visa systems from those of mainland China.
On April 13, 2018, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, announced on behalf of the CCP Central Committee at a conference celebrating the 30th anniversary of Hainan Province. General Secretary Xi Jinping required that Hainan should focus on supply-side structural reform and build a free trade port with Chinese characteristics. On October 16, 2018, the State Council approved the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone and issued the "Overall Plan for the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone".
On June 1, 2020, the CCP Central Committee and the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port", proposing the principles of zero tariffs and low tax rates, increasing the off-island duty-free shopping quota to 100,000 yuan per person per year, and expanding the types of duty-free goods.
On June 3, 2020, 11 key parks held a ceremony to mark their opening. Among them, the key modern service industry parks include Haikou Jiangdong New Area, Haikou Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Sanya Central Business District, and Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone; the high-tech industrial parks include Yangpu Economic Development Zone (Dongfang Lingang Industrial Park, Lingao Gold Medal Port Development Zone), Haikou National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Wenchang International Aerospace City, Hainan Ecological Software Park, and Fuxing City Internet Information Industry Park; the tourism industry parks include Lingshui Li'an International Education Innovation Experimental Zone.
On June 30, 2020, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued the "Notice on Preferential Corporate Income Tax Policies for Hainan Free Trade Port" and the "Notice on Personal Income Tax Policies for High-end and Shortage Talents in Hainan Free Trade Port". The "Notice on Preferential Corporate Income Tax Policies for Hainan Free Trade Port" proposed that enterprises in encouraged industries registered and operated in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be subject to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15%. Enterprises in the tourism, modern service and high-tech industries established in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be exempted from corporate income tax on income from new foreign direct investment. The "Notice on Personal Income Tax Policies for High-end and Shortage Talents in Hainan Free Trade Port" proposed that talents who meet the conditions for tax reduction and exemption working in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be exempted from the portion of their actual personal income tax burden exceeding 15%.
On August 24, 2020, Hainan published the 2020 Hainan Free Trade Port Investment Guide in Chinese and English, providing policy support for international institutions and individual investors. On September 13, 2020, the third batch of Hainan Free Trade Port construction projects started construction. On November 8, 2020, the ninth batch of institutional innovation cases for the Free Trade Port was released, involving matters such as “one-stop service” for ship registration and the reduction of approval procedures for low-altitude flights. On December 1, 2020, the first zero-tariff commodity list of Hainan Free Trade Port was officially implemented. On December 25, the second zero-tariff commodity list was released.
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Hainan Free Trade Port
Hainan Free Trade Port refers to the designation of the entire island of Hainan, as a special economic development area and free-trade zone. It is the largest special economic zone in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
The Hainan Free Trade Port was announced by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping in 2018, which was followed by the approval of the port's establishment by the State Council of China. In 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Hainan Free Trade Port. Beginning in 2023, Hainan launched its customs closure operations (Chinese: 封关作业), adopting a "supervision of goods, not people" model. The Free Trade Port completed the customs closure and commenced full operation on 18 December 2025.
The Hainan Free Trade Port covers the entire province of Hainan. The Hainan Provincial People's Government operates under direct guidance from officials dispatched by central ministries and commissions under the State Council, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank of China, and the General Administration of Customs. The Law on the Hainan Free Trade Port outlines reforms related to changes in resident rights within the Free Trade Port, immigration and entry–exit policies, and customs closure procedures, representing a deepening of reform, innovation, and openness. Following authorization, Hainan is permitted to exercise a significant degree of local autonomy under the guidance of the central government. In addition to reforms and self-governance in customs, investment, and taxation, the province is expected to have distinct arrangements in major policies, administrative management, and visa systems from those of mainland China.
On April 13, 2018, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, announced on behalf of the CCP Central Committee at a conference celebrating the 30th anniversary of Hainan Province. General Secretary Xi Jinping required that Hainan should focus on supply-side structural reform and build a free trade port with Chinese characteristics. On October 16, 2018, the State Council approved the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Zone and issued the "Overall Plan for the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone".
On June 1, 2020, the CCP Central Committee and the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Hainan Free Trade Port", proposing the principles of zero tariffs and low tax rates, increasing the off-island duty-free shopping quota to 100,000 yuan per person per year, and expanding the types of duty-free goods.
On June 3, 2020, 11 key parks held a ceremony to mark their opening. Among them, the key modern service industry parks include Haikou Jiangdong New Area, Haikou Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Sanya Central Business District, and Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone; the high-tech industrial parks include Yangpu Economic Development Zone (Dongfang Lingang Industrial Park, Lingao Gold Medal Port Development Zone), Haikou National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Wenchang International Aerospace City, Hainan Ecological Software Park, and Fuxing City Internet Information Industry Park; the tourism industry parks include Lingshui Li'an International Education Innovation Experimental Zone.
On June 30, 2020, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration issued the "Notice on Preferential Corporate Income Tax Policies for Hainan Free Trade Port" and the "Notice on Personal Income Tax Policies for High-end and Shortage Talents in Hainan Free Trade Port". The "Notice on Preferential Corporate Income Tax Policies for Hainan Free Trade Port" proposed that enterprises in encouraged industries registered and operated in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be subject to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15%. Enterprises in the tourism, modern service and high-tech industries established in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be exempted from corporate income tax on income from new foreign direct investment. The "Notice on Personal Income Tax Policies for High-end and Shortage Talents in Hainan Free Trade Port" proposed that talents who meet the conditions for tax reduction and exemption working in Hainan Free Trade Port shall be exempted from the portion of their actual personal income tax burden exceeding 15%.
On August 24, 2020, Hainan published the 2020 Hainan Free Trade Port Investment Guide in Chinese and English, providing policy support for international institutions and individual investors. On September 13, 2020, the third batch of Hainan Free Trade Port construction projects started construction. On November 8, 2020, the ninth batch of institutional innovation cases for the Free Trade Port was released, involving matters such as “one-stop service” for ship registration and the reduction of approval procedures for low-altitude flights. On December 1, 2020, the first zero-tariff commodity list of Hainan Free Trade Port was officially implemented. On December 25, the second zero-tariff commodity list was released.
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