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William Henry Crump (17 April 1865 – 14 January 1942), better known by the stage name Harry Champion, was an English music hall composer, singer and comedian, whose onstage persona appealed chiefly to the working class communities of East London. His best-known recordings include "Boiled Beef and Carrots" (1909), "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" (1910), "Any Old Iron" (1911) and "A Little Bit of Cucumber" (1915).

Key Information

Champion was born in Bethnal Green, East London. He made his stage debut at the age of 17 at the Royal Victoria Music Hall in Old Ford Road, Bethnal Green, in July 1882. He initially appeared as Will Conray and went on to appear in small music halls in the East End. In 1887 he changed his stage name to Harry Champion and started to perform in other parts of London where he built up a wide repertoire of songs. His trademark style was singing at a fast tempo and often about the joys of food.

After more than four decades on the stage, Champion took early retirement after the death of his wife in 1928, but returned two years later to appear on radio, gaining a new, much younger audience as a result. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, music hall entertainment had made a brief comeback, and Champion, like other performers of the genre, returned to performing. By the early 1940s he was in ill health, and died just a month after being admitted to a nursing home in 1942.

Biography

[edit]

Early years, as Will Conray

[edit]

Champion was born William Henry Crump on 17 April 1865 at 4 Turk Street, Bethnal Green, London, the son of Henry Crump, a master cabinet maker, and his wife, Matilda Crump, née Watson. [n 1] He had one brother and one sister. Few details are known about Champion's early life, as he was notoriously secretive.[1] When he was 15, he became an apprentice to a boot clicker and soon developed an interest in music hall entertainment.[2]

Champion made his debut at the Royal Victoria Music Hall in Old Ford Road, Bethnal Green, in July 1882, as "Will Conray, comic". He appeared in minor music halls of London's East End, where he was described as a "comic, character vocalist, character comic and dancer". In 1883 he developed a blackface act in which he sang plantation songs. Local success led him to venture into other parts of the capital in the early part of 1886.[2]

Later in 1886, Champion introduced a new act entitled From Light to Dark, in which he appeared alternately in black and whiteface. The following year he changed his stage name from Will Conray to Harry Champion.[2] When asked about the origin of the name, Champion stated:

Somebody gave it to me. It was all through a dislike the manager of the Marylebone took to me. I went on tour for a bit. When I came back, he told my agent he'd have nothing to do with me. "Right", said the agent, "but you might give a new man his chance." "Who is he?" asked the manager, and then and there my agent baptised me "Harry Champion" and came and told me afterwards.[3]

As Harry Champion

[edit]
Brush with the law over his songs: 1915 press report

In 1889, Champion gave up the blackface part of his act. He bought the performing rights to the song "I'm Selling up the 'Appy 'Ome" which brought him newfound fame. The song is noted for being one of the first songs associated with his name. His popularity widened, and he made his West End theatre debut at the Tivoli in September 1890. Encores of his now famous song, "I'm Selling up the 'Appy 'Ome", were often accompanied with a hornpipe dance, which Champion performed. Champion followed this up with "When the Old Dun Cow Caught Fire" (written and composed by Harry Wincott), which he introduced into his act in 1893.[2]

By the mid-1890s, he had many songs in his repertory, and he was in demand from audiences. The Entr'Acte wrote, "Champion is a comic singer who is endowed with genuine humour, which is revealed in his several songs, of which the audience never seems to get enough".[4] His earliest known recording success was in 1896 with "In the World Turned Upside Down", followed by "Down Fell the Pony in a Fit" in 1897.[5] In 1898 Champion ceased his style of alternating songs and patter and instead adopted a quick fire delivery in order for him to perform as many songs as he could during his act. He retained this style of delivery for the remainder of his career,[2] remarking, "At one time I used to sing songs with plenty of patter but I changed the style for a new idea of my own, and started "quick singing". I think I am the only comedian who sings songs all in a lump, as you may say".[6]

Champion's popularity was at its highest from 1910 to 1915.[7] It was within this period that he introduced four of his best-known songs. "Boiled Beef and Carrots" was first published in 1909 and was composed by Charles Collins and Fred Murray. The song depicts the joys of the well known Cockney dish of the same name which was eaten frequently in London's East End community at the turn of the 20th century. "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" was written for Champion by Fred Murray and R. P. Weston in 1910. The song is a playful reworking of the life and times of Henry VIII, in this case not the monarch, but the eighth husband of the "widow next door. She'd been married seven times before." "Any Old Iron" was written for Champion by Charles Collins, E.A. Sheppard and Fred Terry in 1911.[2] The song is about a man who inherits an old watch and chain. Champion later recorded it on the EMI label on 29 October 1935 and was accompanied by the London Palladium Orchestra. The song has often been covered by fellow artistes including Stanley Holloway and Peter Sellers.[8] "A Little Bit of Cucumber" was written by the composer T. W. Conner and was first performed by Champion in 1915. The song is about a working-class man who enjoys eating cucumbers. He later compares them to other types of food, before eventually deciding that it is cucumber he prefers. Champion later took part in the first Royal Variety Performance at The Palace Theatre in 1912.[2]

Other performances of note included "What a Mouth" (1906),[9] "Everybody Knows Me in Me Old Brown Hat" and "Beaver" (both from 1922).[10]

First World War and music hall decline

[edit]

The titles of many of Champion's songs, supplied mainly by professional writers, centred around various types of food, consumed, chiefly by the working class community of East London.[11] Food became an essential part of his repertory,[12] so much so that during the First World War, a plate of boiled beef and carrots was known as "an 'arry Champion".[2] Champion also sang about cucumbers, pickled onions, piccalilli, saveloys, trotters, cold pork and baked sheep's heart, all basic elements in a Cockney's diet.[11]

With the outbreak of the First World War, traditional music hall entertainment declined in comparison with the new genre, variety. In 1915 Champion recorded "Grow some Taters", which was adopted by the British government's wartime publicity organisation to encourage the home growing of vegetables.[2] Thomas Burke described Champion in his 1918 book Nights in London as the "one man still among us who renders... details of the Cockney's daily day in more perfect fashion than any of his peers." Burke also described his effect on the audience: "His gaiety is not the superficial gaiety of the funny man who makes you laugh but does nothing else to you. He does you good."[13] However by 1918 Champion, like many performers from the music hall era, found their careers on the decline[2] and he was forced into retirement in 1920.[2]

North London Coaches

[edit]
A day at the races: An advertisement from 1947 of the expanding taxi business "Horseshoe Coaches"

Champion's main business interest away from the stage included the ownership of a successful business hiring out horse drawn Broughams to fellow performers. This evolved into a coach business in the late 1920s which became known as Horseshoe Coaches (WH Crump and sons). The business was later sold and renamed North London Coaches. Upon the outbreak of World War II, the fleet of vehicles was commandeered for the war effort by the British government.[14]

1930s revival

[edit]

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, music hall entertainment made a comeback and Champion, like other performers of the music hall genre, returned to performing and enjoyed popularity throughout the 1930s.[2] Troupes of veterans were much in demand in the 1930s and Lew Lake's Variety, 1906–1931—Stars who Never Failed to Shine went on tour throughout the country early in the decade with Champion as a leading member.[2] Critics hailed Champion as a success stating "He almost brought the house down with three of his typical ditties".[15]

In 1932, Champion appeared at the royal variety performance with other representatives of old style music hall, including Vesta Victoria, Fred Russell and Marie Kendall.[16] That same year he returned to the London Palladium, where he sang "Any Old Iron" and had some success. Further royal variety performance appearances took place again at the Palladium in 1935[17] and at the London Coliseum in 1938,[18] and he was seen in the successful London Rhapsody with the Crazy Gang at the Palladium in 1937 and 1938.[19]

Champion decided not to try anything new because he recognised the fact that audiences liked the nostalgia surrounding his act.[2] On stage, his appearance did not change. He was the embodiment of the spirit of the poorer parts of London, wearing shabby, ill-fitting clothes, old work boots and a frayed top hat.[2] One critic noted "Like music hall itself, Harry Champion was of the people, he expressed the tastes of practically all his listeners, even those who would not openly admit it and in World War 2 he sang to troops who found him a splendid tonic".[20]

Personal life

[edit]

On 30 November 1889, at St Peter's Church, Hackney, Champion married Sarah Potteweld (1869–1928), who accompanied him on many of his tours. They had three sons and a daughter. In 1914, Champion moved from the east end to 520 West Green Road, South Tottenham.[21] Towards the later part of his life he lived at 161 Great Cambridge Road, Tottenham.[21] By late 1941 he was admitted to The London Clinic, St. Marylebone.[2] He died there on 14 January 1942 and was buried alongside his wife (who predeceased him) in St Marylebone cemetery, East Finchley.[1][2][22]

Partial discography

[edit]

Legacy and influence

[edit]

Champion influenced many later variety artists and their acts. His songs are among some of the most popular Cockney songs ever recorded and are synonymous with people's interpretation of what Cockney humour is. "Any Old Iron" and "Boiled Beef and Carrots" are often used to illustrate a stereotype as perceived by non-cockney people.[44]

In 1960 the actor and singer Stanley Holloway recorded an album entitled Down at the Old Bull and Bush, which included a cover of "Any Old Iron".

In 1965 the pop group Hermans Hermits recorded a cover of the (retitled) song "I'm Henry VIII, I Am" for the album Hermits on Tour.[45]

Champion was mentioned twice in a 1969 episode of Dad's Army in the Series 3 episode "War Dance", first when music is being selected and again when Lance Corporal Jones performs various impressions of music hall artistes of the pre-First World War era but says that he cannot do an impression of Champion.[46]

"Ginger You're Barmy" which was the title of Champion's 1910 song was used as the title of a book written by the author (not to be confused with the actor of the same name) David Lodge in 1962. Chas and Dave were admirers of Champion and often emulated his style, incorporating it into their own acts. In 1984 they recorded "Harry was a Champion" in tribute to him. Actor John Rutland, long standing member of The Players Theatre London, frequently portrayed Harry Champion on the TV show The Good Old Days on BBC TV, with a chorus of singers from the Players Theatre Company and featured his songs at the Villiers Street theatre, home of The Players Theatre for many years.

On 18 November 2012, Champion's granddaughter appeared on the BBC television programme Antiques Roadshow from Falmouth, Cornwall showing a selection of Champion's music hall memorabilia which was valued upwards of £5000.[47]

Folk Band Cosmotheka often performs the work of Champion in their act, finding particular notice in the 1970s and 1980s for "Don't do it again Matilda".

Tony Hancock rendered a few lines of ' I'm Proud of my Old Bald Head ' in the Hancock's Half Hour episode ' Anna and the King of Siam', broadcast on 11th. November, 1956.

Notes and references

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Harry Champion

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Harry Champion (17 April 1865 – 14 January 1942) was an English singer, comedian, and composer whose stage persona as a boisterous entertainer captivated working-class audiences in and beyond. Born William Henry Crump in , , he began his career as a performer in the 1880s, initially under the name Will Conray, and adopted the stage name Harry Champion around 1888 after abandoning routines for a more authentic East End character. Champion's rapid-fire delivery of humorous, everyday songs about urban life made him one of the era's biggest stars, with hits including "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" (1910), "Any Old Iron" (1911), and "Boiled Beef and Carrots" (1909), which showcased his trademark speed and comedic timing. He recorded over 40 sides between 1910 and 1936, primarily for Columbia, preserving his energetic style despite the limitations of early acoustic recording technology. His performances, often accompanied by , emphasized songs that poked fun at costermongers, street hawkers, and domestic absurdities, appealing to the 's populist spirit. Though the music hall tradition waned after , Champion experienced a revival in , continuing to perform into his seventies until his death in , . His legacy endures through reissues of his recordings and the influence on later and music, including covers by artists like in the 1960s.

Biography

Early Years and Debut

Harry Champion, born William Henry Crump on 17 April 1865 in , , came from a working-class family; his father was a master cabinet maker. Growing up in the impoverished districts of during the , Crump experienced the typical hardships of a laboring family, with limited opportunities for formal education beyond basic schooling. The bustling environment of exposed him early to the lively street entertainments and nearby music halls that characterized working-class leisure in the area. At around age 17, Crump entered the entertainment world by adopting the stage name Will Conray and making his debut performance in July 1882 at the Royal Victoria Music Hall on Old Ford Road in . He began with modest engagements in small East End music halls, initially as a , taking on minor roles that honed his skills in and song. These early years were marked by financial struggles and inconsistent work, as he navigated the competitive provincial and variety circuits to build his repertoire and stage presence up to the . In , he transitioned to the stage name Harry Champion, abandoning routines for a more authentic East End character, setting the stage for greater recognition.

Rise to Prominence

In 1887, William Henry Crump, previously performing under the stage name Will Conray, adopted the professional name Harry Champion to reflect his burgeoning career in London's music halls. This change marked a shift as he expanded beyond East End venues, building a repertoire of energetic songs that showcased his rapid delivery and comedic flair. Champion's breakthrough came in 1909 with the song "Boiled Beef and Carrots," a humorous to simple working-class fare that solidified his as a quintessential everyman. The track's success propelled him to wider audiences, leading to key hits like "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am" in 1910, which playfully boasted of royal lineage in , and "Any Old Iron" in 1911, a jaunty tale of lost possessions. These songs, performed at prominent venues such as the Middlesex Music Hall in , highlighted his ability to capture everyday absurdities with infectious rhythm. From 1910 to 1915, reached the height of his popularity, establishing himself as one of music hall's leading stars through fast-paced, witty compositions centered on urban life, food, and mishaps. His performances, often delivered at breakneck speed, resonated with working-class patrons, earning him a reputation for lively, relatable entertainment that dominated stages during this pre-war era.

World War I and Decline

With the outbreak of in 1914, the British tradition, in which Harry had thrived, began to experience shifts in audience preferences and format, though venues remained popular during the conflict due to soldiers on leave and rising civilian incomes. continued performing and recording patriotic and humorous songs that boosted morale, including mocking German military honors in tracks from 1914 and 1915. Performers like also entertained troops at the front and during leave, contributing to the through entertainment without formal combat roles. Champion's final major hit during the war, "A Little Bit of ," released in 1915 with lyrics and music by T.W. Connor, exemplified his signature fast-paced comic style focused on everyday humor and food. The song, published by Francis, Day & Hunter, captured the escapist spirit of wartime , blending levity with subtle nods to and simple pleasures amid hardships. It became one of his enduring numbers, reflecting the genre's role in providing relief during the conflict. Post-war, the music hall era faced significant challenges as audiences dwindled due to the rapid rise of cinema, which offered immersive narratives and visual spectacle at lower costs, drawing crowds away from live variety shows. Economic difficulties in the , including postwar depression and competition from revues and jazz-influenced formats, further eroded traditional music halls, prompting a shift toward modernized variety theaters with shorter, more diverse programs. Champion's recordings continued into the early , but by around 1922, his active stage presence diminished amid this broader decline, marking a gradual retirement from performance. The took a heavy personal toll on performers, many of whom, including Champion, confronted disrupted , lost colleagues, and financial instability, leading some to pivot toward alternative livelihoods for stability.

Business Ventures

Harry Champion was involved in a family-run transport business, WH Crump and Sons, which operated horse-drawn carriages during his performing . The business was later sold and renamed Coaches in the 1930s, expanding to motorized services including charabancs and buses catering to outings, , and commuter routes in . Based in the area where Champion had settled, it drew on local connections and provided financial stability during periods of professional uncertainty. His son William Henry Crump, a motor , played a key role in its operations. North London Coaches prospered through the late , demonstrating entrepreneurial acumen in the competitive transport sector until the fleet was commandeered by the government at the outbreak of in 1939. The formation of the London Passenger Transport Board in had led to consolidation of many independent operators, curtailing private initiatives in favor of a unified public system. Despite this, the business's success underscored its roots in the Tottenham community where Champion lived.

1930s Revival

Following his retirement in the late after the death of his wife, Harry Champion returned to performing in via radio broadcasts, capitalizing on the medium's growing popularity among younger audiences seeking nostalgic . By , at the age of 67, he resumed appearances amid a broader revival of traditions in Britain, fueled by economic recovery from the and a cultural yearning for affordable, escapist variety acts that evoked pre-war simplicity. This resurgence allowed veteran performers like Champion to adapt their rapid-fire routines to evolving formats, including condensed sets suited to modern variety theaters and radio's time constraints. Champion's late-career highlights included appearances at the Royal Variety Performance, where he revived signature hits such as "Any Old Iron" to rapturous receptions from audiences and royalty alike. He participated in the 1932 event at the , joining a finale with fellow legends like Vesta Victoria; the 1935 show at the same venue as part of the "Cavalcade of Variety" alongside Gus Elen and Florrie Forde; and the 1938 performance at the London Coliseum, contributing to a grand "" finale with over 250 artistes including and . These outings underscored his enduring appeal, blending humor and melody to bridge generational divides in an era when cinema and radio were reshaping entertainment. As the decade progressed, Champion continued with radio spots and provincial variety tours, tailoring his energetic patter to shorter, punchier formats that fit the demands of post-Depression audiences craving light-hearted relief. His final active year, 1939, saw sporadic engagements before the outbreak of prompted his full retirement at age 74, closing a chapter on his stage career just as global conflict loomed.

Personal Life

Marriage and Family

Harry Champion married Sarah Potteweld. , his accompanist on comedy music tours, traveled with him and offered essential support during his frequent performances across , helping to maintain personal stability in the unpredictable world of entertainment. The marriage produced four children—three sons and one daughter—all born and raised in London's East End, where the family navigated the challenges of urban working-class life amid Champion's rising career demands. The sons, William, Arthur (also known as Victor), and , grew up immersed in their father's professional environment and later contributed to the family-run WH Crump and Sons, a carriage-hire that served traveling performers and provided financial security during periods of theatrical uncertainty. Family dynamics centered on mutual reliance, with Sarah's role in tours ensuring continuity for the household while the children benefited from the blending of entertainment and business pursuits; Arthur, in particular, shared stories about the music hall, perpetuating the family's artistic ties without venturing far from their London roots. This structure allowed Champion to balance stage rigors with domestic steadiness, fostering a legacy of collaborative family involvement in both performance and commerce.

Residences and Death

Harry Champion and his wife Sarah relocated from to , , where they established a residence in the area. By 1918, they were living at Ascot Lodge, 520 West Green Road in South . Champion remained in for the rest of his life, later moving to 161 Great Cambridge Road, near Lordship Recreation Ground, which served as his home until his death. He died in a clinic in on 14 January 1942 at the age of 76. Champion was buried at and Crematorium in , alongside his wife Sarah, who had predeceased him on 24 January 1928, aged 58.

Discography

Pre-War Recordings

Harry Champion's recording career began in the late 1900s, with his earliest known sides issued around on labels including Zonophone and Odeon. These initial efforts captured his style, featuring fast-paced vocals delivered in a thick accent that emphasized working-class humor and patter songs. One of his breakthrough releases was " and Carrots" in , a comedic ditty about simple fare that showcased his rapid-fire delivery over piano accompaniment. By 1910, Champion had expanded his output on Regal and other labels, producing hits like "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am," which highlighted his energetic and orchestral backing in some versions. The following year brought "Any Old Iron" on Zonophone, a jaunty tune about a man's mismatched attire, again underscoring his Cockney-inflected rapid singing style typically supported by or small . His pre-war catalog grew steadily, culminating in releases such as "A Little Bit of Cucumber" in 1915 on Columbia, where his humorous and quick remained central. Overall, Champion recorded approximately 40-50 sides in the pre-war era up to the early , all in the standard 78 RPM format on 10-inch discs, which were the norm for early 20th-century British artists. These acoustic-era recordings, made without electrical amplification, preserved his live-performance energy through basic studio setups. Many have survived due to archival efforts, with digital transfers available for listening on platforms like the Discography of American Historical Recordings, and selections reissued on modern compilations such as those in the "Music Hall" series by historical labels.

Revival-Era Recordings

Following his retirement in the mid-1920s, Harry Champion made a return to recording during the revival of interest in music hall traditions, producing several sides that captured his mature style. In October 1931, he recorded a double-sided 12-inch 78 rpm disc for , titled Old Time Medley Part 1 and Old Time Medley Part 2 (catalogue DX 289), which featured abbreviated renditions of his pre-war hits such as "Ginger, You're Barmy," "The Best That Money Can Buy," and " and Carrots." These tracks marked Champion's first use of electrical recording technology, offering clearer sound quality compared to his earlier acoustic efforts, though contemporary accounts noted his voice had aged, carrying a gravelly tone reflective of his 65 years. In 1935, he recorded another double-sided release for on October 29: "Any Old Iron" / "Boiled Beef and Carrots," revisiting his classics with orchestral accompaniment. The 1931 and 1935 releases totaled four sides from the decade, tied to Champion's resurgence in variety shows and radio appearances, serving as nostalgic showcases rather than introducing new material. Discographies list additional activity into the early , including a 1940 Regal Zonophone single "Any Old Iron" / "Everywhere You Go You'll Find a " (MR 3347). In recent years, these recordings have been digitally remastered and reissued on streaming platforms, including selections on , making them accessible to modern audiences without uncovering major new material since 2020.

Legacy

Performer Influences

Harry Champion's rapid patter and working-class humor profoundly shaped the style of subsequent British entertainers, particularly in the realm of Cockney-inflected comedy and monologues. One prominent example is , who emulated Champion's quick-fire delivery and East End persona throughout his career from the 1930s to the 1950s. Holloway's performances often drew on the same energetic, colloquial monologues that Champion popularized, blending spoken narrative with song to evoke working-class life. This stylistic borrowing is evident in Holloway's 1958 recording of a medley featuring Champion's hits "A Little Bit of Cucumber," "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am," and "Any Old Iron," which preserved and revived Champion's signature tempo and humor on the album 'Ere's 'Olloway. The for the album explicitly reference Champion as a exemplar of the "quick-fire comic" tradition, underscoring Holloway's conscious alignment with this heritage. Champion's influence extended to music hall revivalists like Max Miller, whose acts in the incorporated similar rapid songs and cheeky, class-rooted wit. Miller's performances, characterized by terse, quick-fire humor delivered at breakneck speed, echoed Champion's approach to engaging audiences with everyday absurdities and song structures that prioritized rhythmic delivery over elaborate plots. Biographies and contemporary reviews highlight how Miller built on the foundational energy of pre-war figures to sustain the genre's vitality into the variety theater era. This stylistic lineage is also apparent in British variety comedians, who adopted Champion's blend of verbal dexterity, self-deprecating humor, and simple, repetitive song forms to connect with working-class audiences amid the decline of traditional s. Archival evidence from performer biographies and interviews consistently credits Champion as a key stylistic precursor.

Cultural Impact and Revivals

Harry Champion occupies an iconic status in and East End heritage, where his songs vividly symbolize the Edwardian era's working-class life through humorous portrayals of urban poverty, food, and daily resilience. His rapid style and relatable lyrics, often celebrating simple pleasures like or cucumbers, encapsulated the spirit of London's East End communities, making him a enduring emblem of music hall's democratic appeal to the laboring masses. A prominent revival came in 1965 with ' cover of Champion's signature tune "I'm Henery the Eighth, I Am," which soared to number one on the UK Singles Chart, marking the fastest-selling single up to that point and reintroducing his music to postwar audiences. In television, Champion's legacy appeared in the 1969 BBC sitcom , specifically the episode "," where Corporal Jones recommends "Any Old Iron" for a dance, observing that "Harry Champion does" perform it effectively. Later media exposure included a 2012 segment on BBC's filmed in , where Champion's granddaughter presented artifacts from his career, underscoring familial preservation of his memorabilia. While no major revivals emerged between 2020 and 2025, his work endures in compilations and theater productions that recreate Edwardian variety shows. His original recordings, including tracks like " and Carrots," are preserved in the British Library's sound archives, supporting scholarly examinations of music hall's role in British cultural history.

References

  1. https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/talent/refer/93264
  2. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/114902813/harry_henry-champion
  3. https://www.musichallcds.co.uk/cdr3_page.htm
  4. https://rfwilmut.net/Starsof78s/champion.html
  5. https://www.discogs.com/artist/1235219-Harry-Champion
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bm0K_PZXeDs
  7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeUl6s073RA
  8. https://folksongandmusichall.com/index.php/boiled-beef-and-carrots/
  9. https://newspaperarchive.com/uk/middlesex/london/london-evening-news/1895/10-31/page-2/
  10. https://tottenham-summerhillroad.com/harry_champion.htm
  11. https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-02428209v1/document
  12. https://www.ryenews.org.uk/culture/comrades-arms-song
  13. https://folksongandmusichall.com/index.php/a-little-bit-of-cucumber/
  14. https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/104965/Champion_Harry
  15. https://cultureunbound.ep.liu.se/article/view/2075/1439
  16. http://findingmypast.weebly.com/harry-champion.html
  17. https://unipress.hud.ac.uk/plugins/books/28/format/210/download/
  18. https://www.royalvarietycharity.org/royal-variety-performance/archive/detail/1932-london-palladium
  19. https://www.royalvarietycharity.org/royal-variety-performance/archive/detail/1935-london-palladium
  20. https://www.royalvarietycharity.org/royal-variety-performance/archive/detail/1938-london-coliseum
  21. https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/harry-champion.html
  22. https://haringey.gov.uk/leisure-parks-culture/culture/welcome-to-tottenham-tales/tottenham-tales/west-green-road-creatives
  23. https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/104965/Champion_Harry?Matrix_page=100000
  24. http://www.musiktiteldb.de/Label/Zo_00.html
  25. https://www.45cat.com/78rpm/record/dx289
  26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng0DsWHnAaA
  27. https://www.songfacts.com/facts/harry-champion/boiled-beef-and-carrots
  28. https://www.45cat.com/78rpm/artist/harry-champion
  29. https://www.45cat.com/78rpm/record/mr3347
  30. https://music.apple.com/us/artist/harry-champion/131246392
  31. https://www.discogs.com/release/15514580-Stanley-Holloway-With-The-Loverly-Quartet-Eres-Olloway
  32. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2752/147800407X243497
  33. https://www.songfacts.com/facts/hermans-hermits/im-henry-the-viii-i-am
  34. https://subslikescript.com/series/Dads_Army-62552/season-3/episode-9-War_Dance
  35. https://www.falmouthpacket.co.uk/lettersandcomment/readerswrite/10075665.help-needed-to-explore-family-links/
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