Hubbry Logo
HatpinHatpinMain
Open search
Hatpin
Community hub
Hatpin
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Hatpin
Hatpin
Hatpin
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia
Colleen Moore wearing a hat with a hatpin, 1920
Hatpins

A hatpin is a decorative and functional pin for holding a hat to the head, usually by the hair. In Western culture, hatpins are almost solely used by women and are often worn in a pair. They are typically around 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) in length, with the pinhead being the most decorated part.

Production

[edit]

The hatpin was invented to hold wimples and veils in place, and was handmade. In Britain, demand eventually outgrew the number that could be supplied by hand-making, and they began to be imported from France. In 1832 a machine was invented in America which could mass-produce the pins, and they became much more affordable. During the 1880s, bonnets gave way to hats, and the popularity of hatpins soared. They remained a standard women's accessory through the 1910s and were produced in a vast range of materials and types. Hatpin holder boxes were also produced.

Use in self-defense and as a weapon

[edit]

Hatpins were sometimes used by women to defend themselves against assault.[1]

Ordinances were passed from 1910 that limited the length of hatpins in Chicago (half an inch beyond the crown of the hat),[2] Milwaukee,[3] Pittsburgh, Baltimore, New Orleans, among other cities, as there was a concern they might be used as weapons. Also by the 1910s, ordinances were passed requiring hatpin tips to be covered so as not to injure people accidentally.[4] Various covers were made, but poorer women often had to make do with ersatz items like potato pieces and cork.

In January 1918, the Norwegian newspaper Morgenbladet reported that police in Kristiania advised that passengers with uncovered hatpins be told to leave the trams. No law however had been passed against boarding a tram with uncovered hatpins. The tram staff had also stopped selling hatpin covers on board the trams, as regulations on the subject appeared so confusing that the staff preferred not to interfere.[5]

Collectibles

[edit]
Two hatpins, c. 1904

Hatpins are collectible items, and there is an American Hatpin Society for collectors in the United States and The Hat Pin Society of Great Britain for collectors in the United Kingdom.

References

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Hatpin

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
A hatpin is a long, straight pin, often featuring an ornamental head, employed primarily by women to fasten hats securely to the hair by passing through the hat's fabric and anchoring into the wearer's coiffure. Hatpins trace their origins to the in , where they were handmade to secure wimples and veils, evolving into mass-produced items by the amid the vogue for increasingly elaborate headwear. Their prominence peaked in the , when oversized hats necessitated extended pins up to 12 inches or more in length, blending utility with decorative flair through materials like , gems, and enamel. Beyond fashion, hatpins functioned as concealed self-defense tools against male harassers termed "mashers," enabling women to jab at aggressors in crowded urban settings. This practical application sparked the early 20th-century "hatpin peril," a public outcry over injuries from protruding pins, resulting in restrictive laws across U.S. and Australian cities—such as Chicago's 1910 ordinance capping exposed pin length at three inches with fines up to $50 for violations. Suffragists decried these measures as efforts to curtail women's , with some facing arrests for noncompliance.

History

Origins and Early Development

The hatpin originated as a utilitarian for women's headcoverings during the in Britain and , with evidence of small pins used circa 1400 to secure wimples, , and headdresses that concealed hair in accordance with social norms for proper ladies. These early pins, often handmade from or with minimal decoration, functioned primarily to maintain the stability of draped fabrics against wind or movement, as depicted in period illustrations and corroborated by archaeological recoveries of similar pins from medieval sites across . Such artifacts, including straight pins averaging 2-4 inches in length, underscore their role in everyday garment fastening rather than ornamentation. By the , evolving millinery practices shifted headwear from complex veils toward structured hats and bonnets, necessitating longer straight pins to penetrate thicker fabrics and secure attachments to or understructures. Handmade production remained a cottage industry, with families crafting pins from wires coiled and cut by hand, limiting supply and contributing to the cultural term "pin money" for household allowances used to purchase such essentials. Imports from around 1820 addressed growing demand, prompting UK parliamentary restrictions on sales to specific dates (January 1-2) to protect domestic trade. The early marked a pivotal transition with the of a pin-making , enabling of tapered steel pins up to 6-8 inches long, which quickly spread to and replaced labor-intensive handmade versions. These innovations supported increasingly elaborate yet hat designs, with simple or metal heads providing grip without excess adornment, emphasizing functionality for headwear retention amid rising complexity. Prior to widespread , pins retained their roots in necessity, evolving incrementally from medieval fasteners to precursors of specialized hatpins.

Peak Usage in the Victorian and Edwardian Eras

During the late , from approximately the 1880s to 1901, hatpins achieved widespread adoption as essential accessories for securing increasingly elaborate women's hats, which featured voluminous shapes, feathers, and other adornments that ribbons alone could no longer adequately fasten. These pins typically ranged from 6 to 12 inches in length to penetrate through thick hat structures and anchor into the wearer's hair. The shift from bonnet strings to perching hats around 1890 further entrenched hatpins in daily fashion, marking a liberation from tied headwear. Industrial advancements, including the 1832 patent for pin-making machinery in the followed by similar innovations in , enabled that aligned with surging demand, transitioning from handmade to mechanically produced items in centers like Birmingham, . This scalability supported the era's ornamental boom, with hatpin heads crafted from diverse materials such as , , and early jewels, elevating them beyond mere utility to visible style elements. In the Edwardian period (1901–1910), hatpin usage peaked further amid fashions favoring oversized, ornate hats with exaggerated silhouettes, often necessitating multiple pins for secure placement amid complex updos. Decorative heads grew more lavish, incorporating rhinestones, , and metallic , reflecting the era's emphasis on opulence and turning hatpins into coveted accessories showcased in trade catalogs and fashion plates. This cultural entrenchment underscored hatpins' integral role in upper- and middle-class women's public presentation, with production varieties expanding to meet transatlantic markets in the United States and .

Decline and Obsolescence

The decline of the hatpin began during , when such accessories were increasingly regarded as non-essential luxuries amid material shortages, prompting manufacturers to redirect resources like steel and decorative metals to the war effort. By the armistice in 1918, this scarcity had accelerated a broader simplification in millinery, favoring smaller, less ornate designs over the elaborate Edwardian hats that required long pins for stability. The decisive shift occurred in the with the rise of fashion, which popularized bobbed hairstyles—short, sleek cuts that discarded the towering updos of prior decades—and snug cloche hats that perched directly on the head without needing anchorage. These changes rendered hatpins functionally redundant, as the pins' primary role in securing voluminous millinery to elaborate coiffures no longer applied; cloches and similar styles relied instead on elastic bands or simple grips. By the 1930s, the hatpin's obsolescence was complete, supplanted by evolving social norms that embraced casual, streamlined attire amid economic pressures from the , which curtailed demand for accessory-laden . The accessory's peak era from the to the thus marked its effective end as a everyday staple, with production and use confined thereafter to niche or contexts.

Design and Production

Construction and Functional Design

Hatpins consist of a long, straight shank typically measuring 6 to 12 inches in length, designed to penetrate both the fabric of a and the wearer's or coiffure for secure attachment. The shank terminates in a sharp point at one end to facilitate piercing and a bulbous or ornamental head at the other, which acts as a stop to prevent the pin from passing completely through the and . This head-to-shank configuration provides leverage, allowing the pin to resist dislodgement from hat weight or movement while minimizing slippage. The shank is engineered from wire, balancing rigidity to maintain straightness under load with sufficient flexibility to bend during insertion without permanent deformation or breakage. This material choice ensures the pin can withstand the torsional and compressive forces exerted by a hat's —often several ounces—and dynamic stresses from or head motion, as evidenced in early 20th-century designs where the wire's tempered properties allowed penetration of dense materials like felt. Functional variations include guarded or sheathed tips, such as crimped findings or protective caps, fitted over the sharp point to mitigate snagging on or injury risks while preserving the pin's securing efficacy. For instance, U.S. Patent 1,258,345 describes a compressible rubber or cork-filled guard resembling an ornamental extension, which encases the point for without impeding the pin's insertion into . These adaptations address practical trade-offs between sharpness for and hazard prevention, often secured via riveted or clamped attachments to the shank.

Materials and Decorative Variations

Hatpin shafts were predominantly fashioned from due to its rigidity and cost-effectiveness in securing elaborate hats, with and silver employed for more ornate examples offering subtle sheen and resistance to environmental wear. -filled constructions, layering a over a core, gained traction from the through the , balancing affordability with superior resistance compared to plain s. The heads, serving as primary sites for aesthetic elaboration, incorporated a spectrum of materials to convey personal taste and social standing through visual opulence. Glass beads, often faceted or colored, provided accessible ornamentation, while enamel allowed for intricate, durable designs resistant to fading. Pearls and semiprecious gemstones, such as those set in metal mounts, elevated pieces for affluent wearers, with documented examples featuring pearls alongside in early 20th-century variants. Specialized variations reflected cultural or circumstantial motifs, notably mourning hatpins post-1861, when Queen Victoria's prolonged black attire following Prince Albert's death popularized jet—a hard, black fossilized from , —and black enamel heads symbolizing grief. Art Nouveau influences from circa 1890 to 1910 introduced filigree heads in brass or silver, characterized by swirling organic forms like vines or florals, enhancing the pins' role in fashionable display without compromising structural integrity.

Manufacturing Techniques and Innovations

The mechanized production of pins, pivotal for hatpins, advanced significantly with the 1832 patent for a pin-making machine in the United States, which enabled the efficient manufacture of straight pins featuring long, tapering points by automating wire cutting, pointing, and heading processes, thereby supplanting labor-intensive handmade methods. This innovation facilitated the scaling of hatpin shafts from drawn steel or brass wire, cut to lengths of 6 to 12 inches and ground to a sharp point, allowing factories to produce thousands daily rather than relying on blacksmith forging. In European centers like Birmingham, , 19th-century factories integrated steam-powered machinery for stamping decorative heads from and for wire processing, contributing to the region's dominance in small metal goods production by the , though hatpin-specific output emphasized precision tooling for ornamental fittings. American manufacturers, such as Unger Brothers in , operating from the 1870s onward, employed silversmithing techniques including heads to wire shafts and applying finishes like silver plating to enhance durability and affordability for mass-market pieces, as evidenced in their extensive catalogs featuring over 150 hatpin designs by 1906. Early 20th-century innovations focused on safety enhancements amid growing concerns over sharp points, with patents such as U.S. 1,040,921 () introducing point guards as clamping devices housed in ornamental casings that could be attached post-manufacture to sheath the tip without compromising the pin's utility. Artisanal methods, including hand-enameling for decorative heads using to fuse colors onto metal, coexisted with industrial stamping and die-forming for standardized components, enabling high-end jewelers to produce custom variants while factories prioritized volume through mechanized assembly lines.

Fashion and Cultural Significance

Hatpins played a vital functional in women's attire from the late Victorian period through the , securing elaborate hats to complex updos that characterized period hairstyles. These pins, inserted singly or in multiples through the hat's and into coiled or padded , provided essential stability for oversized millinery against environmental factors like . Lengths varied from 6 to 12 inches to accommodate differing hat proportions and hair volumes, with an 1898 New York catalog advertising standard 6-inch models for everyday use. The aesthetic, popularized from the 1890s to the 1910s via illustrations by , amplified this necessity, as towering hats of , feathers, and ribbons atop puffed pompadours required extended pins often surpassing 10 inches for reliable anchorage. By 1901, fashion trends had escalated hat dimensions into substantial structures, rendering shorter fasteners inadequate for the era's voluminous ensembles. Early 20th-century trends, drawing from French influences where machine-made pins proliferated by 1832, elevated hatpins beyond utility through decorative heads in gemstones, enamel, and metals coordinated with palettes and fabrics. Advertisements and society portraits from the showcased jeweled variants as markers of affluence, integrated into outfits for visual harmony, as evidenced by of matching ornamentation to complement trims and hues.

Symbolism in Social and Gender Dynamics

![Elaborate gilded hatpin with garnets, 1904][float-right] Hatpins emerged as potent symbols of and during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, where their decorative elements underscored a woman's adherence to norms of refined presentation. Ornate designs, often featuring enamel, pearls, or precious metals, served as visible markers of and status, distinguishing wearers from those of modest means who opted for simpler or variants. This differentiation aligned with broader Victorian emphasis on accessories as indicators of , wherein the quality and intricacy of a hatpin could convey economic standing without overt display. In terms of gender dynamics, hatpins embodied a duality: they reinforced conventional roles by integrating seamlessly into feminine ensembles that prioritized aesthetic propriety, yet facilitated women's expanding presence in public spheres by ensuring hat stability amid increasing urban mobility. Transitioning from restrictive bonnets to pinned s symbolized a subtle shift toward greater in , allowing women to navigate streets and transport more independently while maintaining an air of . Historical accounts note that such functionality supported women's participation in social outings and early professional endeavors, bridging traditional expectations with emerging opportunities for public engagement. Etiquette literature from the late implicitly endorsed hatpins as elements of ladylike composure, prescribing their use to achieve a polished that avoided dishevelment in social settings. For instance, guides emphasized precise hat securing to project and poise, reflecting societal pressures on women to embody controlled in everyday interactions. Cross-culturally, variants such as silk-wrapped hairpins in East Asian traditions paralleled Western hatpins in signaling marital or through material opulence, though adapted to regional coiffures rather than Western millinery.

Self-Defense Applications

Historical Use as a Defensive Tool

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women navigating urban environments encountered frequent from men termed "mashers," who engaged in unwanted physical advances or verbal propositions in public spaces such as sidewalks and public transit. Hatpins, typically 6 to 12 inches long and sharp-pointed for fastening elaborate millinery, offered a discreet and legally permissible means of resistance, contrasting with firearms that were restricted for women in many jurisdictions. This utility stemmed from the pins' everyday integration into women's attire, allowing quick access without drawing attention, motivated by the need for personal amid limited societal or legal safeguards against assailants. Contemporary newspaper reports from American cities including , New York, and in the 1900s chronicled instances of women deploying hatpins to deter mashers during encounters on streets or trains. For example, accounts described unescorted women thrusting pins at harassers to enforce personal space, reflecting a broader pattern where such tools empowered solitary travel in growing metropolises. In 1910, amid discussions of regulating hatpin lengths in , a from local women underscored their defensive role, stating, "We are not allowed to use revolvers. Hatpins are our only means of defence," highlighting the perceived necessity for this accessory in repelling advances. Parallel usage emerged in circa 1912, where women similarly relied on hatpins for safeguarding against urban harassers, as evidenced by public debates and enforcement actions concerning exposed pin points that could serve protective functions. These cases illustrated hatpins' adaptation from fashion fasteners to instruments of immediate retaliation, driven by the practical demands of independent mobility in eras of escalating city populations and shifting gender norms.

Effectiveness and Documented Incidents

Hatpins proved effective as improvised tools in the early by delivering sharp, painful punctures that typically caused assailants to retreat without inflicting fatal wounds, serving as a non-lethal equalizer for women facing physical on public transit and streets prior to the availability of modern chemical sprays like Mace in the . accounts from the period document injuries described as "not serious, although very painful," sufficient to deter further advances without requiring lethal force. In , a "plucky " on in 1910 stabbed two robbers with her hatpin, inflicting wounds that prompted their immediate retreat without obtaining any loot. Similarly, in 1916, a Chicago woman stabbed a masher who attempted to subdue her with , causing him to flee. Earlier, in 1898, Sadie Williams stabbed a robber on a Blue Island Avenue cable car, halting the assault and earning praise from the conductor for her effective use of the pin as a defensive . Outside Chicago, cases reinforced this pattern: On May 28, 1903, in , Leoti Blaker stabbed a masher's arm with her hatpin during an unwanted advance on a , leading him to disembark at the next stop. In 1912, Elizabeth Foley, an 18-year-old in New York, stabbed a robber in the face during an armed holdup on , forcing his escape. These incidents, drawn from contemporary police and newspaper reports, indicate hatpins' utility in close-quarters confrontations, though limitations included vulnerability to breakage under strong resistance and risks of from unclean punctures, with longer pins (up to 12 inches) offering greater reach but later curtailed by length regulations. Contemporary observations suggested a deterrent effect, as men's widespread fear of hatpins—evidenced by reduced reports on urban transit lines—correlated with increased defensive stabbings publicized in newspapers after 1903, implying causal deterrence without comprehensive quantitative police logs available.

Controversies and Regulations

The Hatpin Panic Phenomenon

The hatpin panic, referred to contemporarily as the "hatpin peril," manifested in the United States and from approximately 1909 to 1912 through widespread media coverage of accidental injuries caused by exposed hatpins in crowded public areas. Reports emphasized punctures to faces and eyes, often leading to painful wounds, infections, and occasionally severe complications including blood poisoning. For instance, in February 1911, Captain Andrew England of , died three weeks after a hatpin scratched his cheek on a streetcar, succumbing to the resulting . Similarly, earlier precedents like the 1907 death of Howard Miller in , from blood poisoning after a hatpin on an , fueled ongoing apprehensions about such risks. These mishaps were aggravated by the era's packed trolleys, trams, and s, where close-quarters movement made contact with protruding pins—frequently 6 to 12 inches long—inevitable for bystanders. In , during 1911, local officials highlighted the hazard, with L.D. Tyler reporting a near-eye injury in an elevator, prompting calls to address the pins as a civic amid routine commuter jostling. Men's accounts of these unintended harms dominated the discourse, recasting hatpins from innocuous fasteners into perceived menaces in urban transit settings. In response to reports of injuries from protruding hatpins, Chicago's city council passed an ordinance on March 21, 1910, prohibiting women from wearing hatpins longer than nine inches in public places, with violators facing a misdemeanor charge and fines up to $50. Similar regulations emerged elsewhere, including a 1912 Sydney by-law restricting hatpins to prevent protrusion beyond the hat, enforced through arrests and fines that led to the imprisonment of approximately 60 women who refused payment, prompting threats of hunger strikes modeled on British suffragette tactics. These measures reflected arguments framing hatpins as "murderous weapons" or public nuisances endangering passersby, particularly in crowded urban settings. Opponents, including women's groups and suffragists, countered that restrictions undermined for unescorted women navigating streets amid from "mashers," emphasizing hatpins' practical utility over . In , a from women was presented during 1910 debates, urging preservation of longer pins for securing large hats and personal protection, with advocates arguing that enforcement targeted women disproportionately while ignoring male aggressors. Suffrage-linked advocacy highlighted the laws' irony in , where women already held voting rights yet faced penalties for tools deemed essential against , underscoring broader tensions between individual and collective safety. Enforcement data revealed selective application, with Sydney's 1912 arrests focusing on non-compliant women rather than widespread , as fines often escalated to jail terms amid resistance, yet few records indicate equivalent scrutiny of design or public contributing to risks. Proponents of restrictions prioritized empirical injury reports from , while critics invoked causal links to urban mobility gains for women, arguing that bans prioritized minor pedestrian hazards over substantiated needs without addressing root causes like .

Collectibility and Legacy

Antique Collection and Valuation

Interest in antique hatpins as collectible artifacts centers on their ornate designs from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, with enthusiasts valuing examples that showcase period craftsmanship in securing large hats. The American Hatpin Society promotes preservation and education, hosting resources for identifying authentic pieces and distinguishing them from reproductions. Valuation hinges on condition, where undamaged shanks, intact enamel, and un-chipped stones or pearls preserve higher worth; detectable repairs, such as non-original findings or bent components, reduce appeal. Materials play a key role, with precious metals like or gold, alongside genuine gems, , or high-quality glass, commanding premiums over base brass or steel. Rarity of design—such as motifs or figural forms—further elevates prices, particularly for unmarked mass-produced items versus bespoke creations. Maker's marks from established firms provide provenance and boost value; for instance, Unger Brothers, renowned for hatpins produced circa 1872–1910 in , exemplify desirable attribution due to their innovative floral and organic motifs. Market prices reflect these criteria, with common unmarked examples in good condition typically ranging from $10 to $100, while luxury brand pieces or rare jeweled Victorian variants exceed $1,000 at . Auction records from the 2020s indicate steady demand, with thousands of lots sold across platforms, underscoring consistent collector interest despite variability in economic conditions.

Modern Revivals and Cultural References

In niche fashion circles of the 2020s, hatpins have experienced limited revivals as decorative elements in subgenres like , where enthusiasts incorporate them into elaborate, Victorian-inspired headpieces for costume events and alternative attire. Online marketplaces such as feature handmade reproductions marketed toward collectors and cosplayers seeking nostalgic accents, with listings emphasizing aesthetic appeal over functional hat-securing utility. These items, often sold in small batches by independent artisans, reflect a preference for symbolic vintage flair rather than mass-produced everyday wear, as evidenced by the absence of mainstream fashion lines reviving them. Contemporary discussions on women's safety have occasionally referenced hatpins symbolically, drawing parallels to historical tools amid 2024 social media content highlighting empowerment themes. For instance, videos from November 2024 frame hatpins as inspirational artifacts for modern personal protection debates, though without advocating their practical adoption due to legal and safety constraints. Such nods underscore persistent of their defensive potential but stop short of endorsing revivals, prioritizing contemporary alternatives like sprays. In popular media, hatpins appear in period dramas evoking Edwardian settings, serving as props that nod to early 20th-century fashion without driving broader accessory trends. Productions depicting that era, such as historical films and series, use them to authenticate costumes, perpetuating symbolic associations with and rather than sparking utilitarian interest. No indicates a resurgence in production or widespread adoption, confining their relevance to nostalgic or thematic contexts.

References

  1. https://customshousemuseum.org/news/the-hatpin-the-anti-harassment-accessory-you-didnt-know-you-needed/
  2. https://www.samwallermuseum.ca/collections/feature/hat-pins/
  3. http://www.americanhatpinsociety.com/tour/history.html
  4. https://www.rheaheraldnews.com/lifestyles/article_8fe8a5ee-0349-11f0-ada9-2bb6ea0e191a.html
  5. https://mhnsw.au/stories/general/forgotten-objects-hatpin/
  6. https://www.kwaltersatthesignofthegrayhorse.com/2022/11/hat-pins-history-and-their-use.html
  7. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hatpins-mashers-self-defense-history-women-hats-fashion
  8. https://thesquarephx.org/news/perilous-pins/
  9. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/hatpin-peril-terrorized-men-who-couldnt-handle-20th-century-woman-180951219/
  10. https://www.nytimes.com/1910/03/22/archives/hatpin-ordinance-passed-chicago-women-cry-shame-at-measure-which.html
  11. https://www.syracuse.com/living/2021/01/1911-to-make-city-safer-syracuse-considers-taking-on-a-public-menace-bristling-hat-pins.html
  12. https://thepragmaticcostumer.wordpress.com/2017/05/28/call-the-fashion-police-im-wearing-an-illegal-hatpin/
  13. https://www.seymourhistoricalsociety.org/hatpins
  14. https://aprilmunday.wordpress.com/2021/02/07/medieval-pins/
  15. https://www.kwaltersatthesignofthegrayhorse.com/2015/06/hat-pins-short-history.html
  16. https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/an-interview-with-antique-hatpin-collector-jodi-lenocker/
  17. https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5079ea6f2162ef08a838100c
  18. https://www.antiquetrader.com/collectibles/antique-hatpins-stylish-self-protection
  19. https://www.collectorsweekly.com/fine-jewelry/hatpins
  20. https://www.ddoty.com/hatpinscombined.html
  21. https://justhistoryposts.com/2018/03/07/fashion-as-liberation-edwardian-womens-hatpins/
  22. https://www.realorrepro.com/article/Hatpins
  23. https://fashion-era.com/1920s/flapper-fashion
  24. https://patents.google.com/patent/US793019A/en
  25. https://www.judithm.com/product/stainless-steel-hatpin-shank/
  26. https://patents.google.com/patent/US1258345
  27. http://searchgreggcollection.arts.ncsu.edu/MDetail.aspx?rID=2005.037.182&db=objects&dir=GALLERYOFART
  28. https://www.ebay.com/itm/155466738350
  29. https://www.etsy.com/listing/1337427415/antique-gold-filled-ornamental-leaves
  30. http://searchgreggcollection.arts.ncsu.edu/MDetail.aspx?rID=2005.037.172&db=objects&dir=GALLERYOFART
  31. https://www.facebook.com/groups/18350259614/posts/10161024430604615/
  32. https://journalofantiques.com/digital-publications/joac-magazine/features/mourning-jewelry/
  33. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/vintage-fashion-accessories-on-ruby-lane--534943261976723259/
  34. https://www.ebay.com/itm/406221553568
  35. https://www.rubylane.com/item/2447266-23-069/Art-Nouveau-Sterling-Filigree-Ball-Pair
  36. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-28-vw-15865-story.html
  37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41301393
  38. http://www.americanhatpinsociety.com/article/unger.html
  39. https://patents.google.com/patent/US1040921
  40. https://www.lovetoknow.com/home/antiques-collectibles/identify-authentic-antique-hat-pin
  41. https://www.lillicoco.com/blogs/love-lillicoco-blog/the-little-history-of-stick-pins
  42. https://thepragmaticcostumer.wordpress.com/tag/how-to-wear-a-hatpin/
  43. https://www.etsy.com/market/vintage_asian_hat_pin
  44. https://www.history.com/articles/how-women-defended-themselves-against-street-gropers-100-years-ago
  45. https://www.thecollectorscompanion.co.uk/features/history-culture/more-than-meets-the-eye/
  46. https://www.auswhn.com.au/blog/hatpin-panic/
  47. https://www.chicagotribune.com/2017/07/07/when-men-feared-a-resolute-woman-with-a-hatpin-in-her-hand/
  48. https://www.nytimes.com/1912/11/04/archives/hatpins-in-australia-inez-milholland-says-weapons-were-unsanctioned.html
  49. https://www.nytimes.com/1910/03/08/archives/ban-on-long-hatpins-chicago-council-orders-ordinance-drawn-to.html
  50. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5357220
  51. http://www.americanhatpinsociety.com/
  52. https://antiquesknowhow.com/antique-hat-pins/
  53. https://www.the-saleroom.com/en-gb/price-guide/hat-pin
  54. https://www.etsy.com/market/reproduction_hatpin
  55. https://www.hatsupply.com/7-long-undecorated-hat-pins/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.