Heritage Action, founded in 2010 as Heritage Action for America, is a conservative advocacy organization. Heritage Action, which has affiliates throughout the United States, is a sister organization of the Heritage Foundation, a Washington, D.C.-based conservative think tank founded in 1973.

In April 2010, Edwin Feulner, then president of the Heritage Foundation, announced the founding of Heritage Action as a sister organization of the Heritage Foundation, saying its purpose would be to harness "grassroots energy to increase the pressure on Members of Congress to embrace the Heritage Foundation’s policy recommendations". He also said Heritage Action would not be involved in election campaigns. Heritage Action's goal was to expand the political reach of the Heritage Foundation and advance the policies recommended by its researchers. The organization was launched primarily as a response to the Heritage Foundation's growing membership, and the fact that the Heritage Foundation is not allowed to back legislation due to its 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. Heritage Action fulfills this role and provides a link between the think tank and grassroots conservative activists. Heritage Action began with a staff of ten, including original chief executive officer Michael Needham.

In July 2010, Heritage Action launched its first advocacy campaign, opposing the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, a health care reform law supported by then president Barack Obama. By August 2010, the organization had helped to secure 170 Republican co-sponsors for a petition by U.S. Representative Steve King (R-NY) to force a vote on repealing the ACA. In September 2010, the group began a 10-day television and web campaign to persuade Democrats to sign onto a repeal of the ACA.

In January 2011, the group opened its first state-based operations in two states, North Carolina and Pennsylvania, where the organization focused on mobilizing voters in opposing the ACA.

In August 2013, Heritage Action launched a campaign to defund or restrict the ACA by linking it to votes on the federal government's debt limit. In October 2013, as part of this campaign, the organization was instrumental in the government shutdown, which ultimately did not defund or limit the ACA and proved politically unpopular. During the shutdown, Heritage Action continued to urge lawmakers not to negotiate a measure to fully fund the government without dismantling the ACA. Heritage Action's strategy in tying the ACA to the shutdown was to make President Obama "feel pain" because of the shutdown, the organization's leader Michael Needham said. U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch, a Republican from Utah, criticized Heritage Action for warning legislators not to vote for the Senate budget compromise during the government shutdown.

In October 2013, Heritage Action was labeled a "powerhouse in a new generation of conservative groups" by HuffPost and "perhaps now the most influential lobby group among Congressional Republicans" by The New York Times.

After Donald Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination, Michael Needham, then leader of Heritage Action, said, "Donald Trump's a clown. He needs to be out of the race."

In May 2018, Timothy Chapman succeeded Needham as executive director, following Needham's departure. Chapman previously served as Heritage Action's chief operating officer and as chief of staff to Heritage Foundation President Edwin Feulner. In March 2020, Chapman left the organization.