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Hermann Nuding
Hermann Nuding (3 July 1902 – 30 May 1966) was a German politician, political party official (KPD) and, after 1945, an opponent of German re-armament.
Nuding was born in Oberurbach, Baden-Württemberg on 3 July 1902. His father was a factory worker. An early ambition to become a teacher was thwarted by the outbreak of war when he was twelve. After leaving school in 1916 he started an apprenticeship for work in the leather and tannery industry. In 1918 he joined the German Leather workers' Trades Union and the Spartacus League which shortly thereafter became the German Communist Party (KPD) In 1919 he joined the Young Communists and became a founding member of the regional Communist Party group in Württemberg and chairman of the KPD in his home town, Oberurbach. He joined the Regional leadership of the Württemberg Young Communists in 1920. He pursued an active political career in the German communist party, which included an extended period in Moscow during 1927/28 attending the International Lenin School.
In January 1933 the NSDAP (Nazi party) took power and lost no time in embarking on the creation of a one party state in Germany. Hermann Nuding was arrested in February 1933 and remained in "protective custody" till the start of July 1934 when he emigrated initially to Switzerland, subsequently also spending more time in Moscow. In 1935 he participated, using the pseudonym "Claus Degeb" in the party's Brussels conference and then in 1935/36 worked from his base in Zürich with the illegal Communist Party across the German border in Württemberg. During the second part of the 1930s he continued to work for the German Communist Party, based for some of the period in Belgium. He served as the last head of the party's intelligence service, the Antimilitärischer Apparat.
In 1937 Hermann Nuding and Herbert Wehner were jointly commissioned by the Comintern leadership to compose a diatribe entitled "Trotskyism and Fascism". Leon Trotsky had at one time been seen by many as a likely successor of Lenin and was, by the 1930s, exiled from the Soviet Union and being systematically excoriated by the Soviet leadership and its supporters internationally.
Like many exiled German communists, by the time war broke out in 1939 he was based in France, and during 1939/1940 he was interned at Gurs. On his release he settled down to a life as a small farmer in the south of France using, appropriately, the pseudonym "Jean Bauer". During the early 1940s he worked illegally with both the French Resistance and the Soviet sponsored National Committee for a Free Germany.
After the war ended Nuding returned, in October 1945, to his home region in what remained of Germany. The northern part of Württemberg, including Stuttgart was now in the US occupation zone and formed a part of Württemberg-Baden, a state formed by the occupation forces to accommodate the division of south western German between the US military and the French military. Nuding set about rebuilding the Communist Party in Stuttgart and the surrounding region.
In 1946 he became a member of the provisional regional parliament for Württemberg-Baden and then for its successor assembly, established by the US Military administration. At this point he represented the newly formed SED (party) which had been set up in the Soviet occupation zone, although he would soon revert to the Communist Party when it became apparent that there was no future role for the SED outside that part of Germany controlled by the Soviet military.
By 1949 it was becoming apparent that West Germany and East Germany were developing as separate states, and in August 1949 Nuding was one of the fifteen Communist members of the national Bundestag, located provisionally in Bonn. He remained a member till resigning ostensibly on health grounds on 20 April 1951. Until July 1950 he spoke in the chamber on behalf of the Communist party, but by that time his expulsion from the Communist Party had already been proposed back in September 1949 by Walter Ulbricht, the leader of the newly emerging Soviet backed German Democratic Republic.
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Hermann Nuding
Hermann Nuding (3 July 1902 – 30 May 1966) was a German politician, political party official (KPD) and, after 1945, an opponent of German re-armament.
Nuding was born in Oberurbach, Baden-Württemberg on 3 July 1902. His father was a factory worker. An early ambition to become a teacher was thwarted by the outbreak of war when he was twelve. After leaving school in 1916 he started an apprenticeship for work in the leather and tannery industry. In 1918 he joined the German Leather workers' Trades Union and the Spartacus League which shortly thereafter became the German Communist Party (KPD) In 1919 he joined the Young Communists and became a founding member of the regional Communist Party group in Württemberg and chairman of the KPD in his home town, Oberurbach. He joined the Regional leadership of the Württemberg Young Communists in 1920. He pursued an active political career in the German communist party, which included an extended period in Moscow during 1927/28 attending the International Lenin School.
In January 1933 the NSDAP (Nazi party) took power and lost no time in embarking on the creation of a one party state in Germany. Hermann Nuding was arrested in February 1933 and remained in "protective custody" till the start of July 1934 when he emigrated initially to Switzerland, subsequently also spending more time in Moscow. In 1935 he participated, using the pseudonym "Claus Degeb" in the party's Brussels conference and then in 1935/36 worked from his base in Zürich with the illegal Communist Party across the German border in Württemberg. During the second part of the 1930s he continued to work for the German Communist Party, based for some of the period in Belgium. He served as the last head of the party's intelligence service, the Antimilitärischer Apparat.
In 1937 Hermann Nuding and Herbert Wehner were jointly commissioned by the Comintern leadership to compose a diatribe entitled "Trotskyism and Fascism". Leon Trotsky had at one time been seen by many as a likely successor of Lenin and was, by the 1930s, exiled from the Soviet Union and being systematically excoriated by the Soviet leadership and its supporters internationally.
Like many exiled German communists, by the time war broke out in 1939 he was based in France, and during 1939/1940 he was interned at Gurs. On his release he settled down to a life as a small farmer in the south of France using, appropriately, the pseudonym "Jean Bauer". During the early 1940s he worked illegally with both the French Resistance and the Soviet sponsored National Committee for a Free Germany.
After the war ended Nuding returned, in October 1945, to his home region in what remained of Germany. The northern part of Württemberg, including Stuttgart was now in the US occupation zone and formed a part of Württemberg-Baden, a state formed by the occupation forces to accommodate the division of south western German between the US military and the French military. Nuding set about rebuilding the Communist Party in Stuttgart and the surrounding region.
In 1946 he became a member of the provisional regional parliament for Württemberg-Baden and then for its successor assembly, established by the US Military administration. At this point he represented the newly formed SED (party) which had been set up in the Soviet occupation zone, although he would soon revert to the Communist Party when it became apparent that there was no future role for the SED outside that part of Germany controlled by the Soviet military.
By 1949 it was becoming apparent that West Germany and East Germany were developing as separate states, and in August 1949 Nuding was one of the fifteen Communist members of the national Bundestag, located provisionally in Bonn. He remained a member till resigning ostensibly on health grounds on 20 April 1951. Until July 1950 he spoke in the chamber on behalf of the Communist party, but by that time his expulsion from the Communist Party had already been proposed back in September 1949 by Walter Ulbricht, the leader of the newly emerging Soviet backed German Democratic Republic.