The Huniade Castle (Romanian: Castelul Huniade; Hungarian: Hunyadi-kastély; German: Schloss Hunyadi) is the oldest monument in Timișoara, Romania, built between 1443 and 1447 by John Hunyadi and Paolo Santini de Duccio over the old royal castle dating from the 14th century (built during the reign of Charles I Robert). The castle was rebuilt by the Turkish pashas in the 17th century and by Prince Eugene of Savoy in the 18th century. The structure owes its present appearance to the 1850s reconstruction campaign. It houses the History, Archeology and Natural Sciences sections of the National Museum of Banat.

The construction of the current Huniade Castle began in the 14th century, after a visit by King Charles I Robert to Timișoara in 1307. He chose to settle here after the old royal residence became unsafe, due to ongoing conflicts with a faction of the Hungarian nobility that was hostile toward him. The construction was probably carried out by Italian builders on an older edifice and most likely finished in 1315, because in 1316 the king was already settled in his new castle.

The building developed around a quadrangular courtyard with cylindrical corner towers. Being located on an island, it was connected to the city of Timișoara, also fortified by the same king, through a movable bridge. It followed the Venetian model, with oak pillars driven into the ground. After almost eight years, the castle was damaged by an earthquake and, implicitly, the king had to leave it. It underwent major renovations during Count Pippo Spano. After extensive research, the original foundation was found 40 cm below the pavement of the current castle.

The castle later became the favored residence of the renowned Florentine condottiero Filippo Scolari, Count of Timiș during the reign of King Sigismund of Luxembourg. Scolari rebuilt and adorned the castle in the Renaissance style, employing Italian craftsmen and artists. A new extension was later added by John Hunyadi, who had served as Scolari's apprentice and squire in his youth. After being appointed Count of Timiș, John established his residence in the Timișoara citadel. Following a powerful earthquake in 1443, he rebuilt and expanded both the castle and its fortifications based on the designs of Italian architect Paolo Santini da Duccio, leaving no trace of the original Angevin structure. In 1455, King Ladislaus V the Posthumous formally granted him the Timișoara fortress, which remained in the family's possession until the death of Matthias Corvinus in 1490.

Both the castle and its fortifications were equipped with semicircular towers adapted to artillery. It served as the noble residence for all the kings who stayed in Timișoara until 1552. During the Ottoman occupation (1552–1716), it served as the residence of the beylerbeys of the Eyalet of Temeşvar. The palisade around the castle, built of oak poles and earth, dates from this period.

Due to the siege of the imperials, which led to the reconquest of Banat, the castle was damaged, so that after 1716 its renovation was required. But its function was changed, being transformed into an artillery barracks and a military warehouse (Provienthaus).

In 1849, the Hungarian revolutionaries, besieging Timișoara, destroyed the castle from its foundations, to the point where a reconstruction of the edifice was needed. The reconstruction and renovation work was finished in 1856. However, the main facade of the castle was modified, this time being made in a romantic style. Between 1919 and 1947, the Banat Barracks (Romanian: Cazarma Bănățeană), as it was known then, was the headquarters of the 7th Pioneers' Regiment and the 6th Heavy Artillery Regiment.

Since 1947, the castle has been home to the National Museum of Banat. In front of the castle there are two lanterns reminding in several languages that Timișoara was the first city in Europe to introduce electric public lighting in 1884.