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Hut 8
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| The Enigma cipher machine |
|---|
 |
| Enigma machine |
| Breaking Enigma |
| Related |
Hut 8 was a section in the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the British World War II codebreaking station, located in Buckinghamshire) tasked with solving German naval (Kriegsmarine) Enigma messages. The section was led initially by Alan Turing. He was succeeded in November 1942 by his deputy, Hugh Alexander. Patrick Mahon succeeded Alexander in September 1944.[1]
Hut 8 was partnered with Hut 4, which handled the translation and intelligence analysis of the raw decrypts provided by Hut 8.
Located initially in one of the original single-story wooden huts, the name "Hut 8" was retained when Huts 3, 6 & 8 moved to a new brick building, Block D, in February 1943.[2]
After 2005, the first Hut 8 was restored to its wartime condition, and it now houses the "HMS Petard Exhibition".[3]
Operation
[edit]In 1940, a few breaks were made into the naval "Dolphin" code, but Luftwaffe messages were the first to be read in quantity.[4] The German navy had much tighter procedures, and the capture of code books was needed (see Battle of the Atlantic § Enigma cipher) before they could be broken. In February 1942, the German navy introduced "Triton", a version of Enigma with a fourth rotor for messages to and from Atlantic U-boats; these became unreadable for a period of ten months during a crucial period (see Enigma in 1942).
Britain produced modified bombes, but it was the success of the US Navy bombe that was the main source of reading messages from this version of Enigma for the rest of the war.[citation needed] Messages were sent to and from across the Atlantic by enciphered teleprinter links.
Personnel
[edit]In addition to the cryptanalysts, around 130 women worked in Hut 8 and provided essential clerical support including punching holes into the Banbury sheets. Hut 8 relied on Wrens to run the bombes housed elsewhere at Bletchley.[1]
Code breakers
[edit]- Alan Turing
- Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander
- Michael Arbuthnot Ashcroft[1]
- Joan Clarke[1]
- Joseph Gillis[5]
- Harry Golombek
- I. J. Good
- Peter Hilton, January 1942 to late 1942
- Rosalind Hudson
- Charlie Bierman
- F Anthony Kendrick[1]
- Leslie Lambert (aka "A. J. Alan")
- Patrick Mahon[1]
- Rolf Noskwith[1]
- Richard Pendered[1]
- John H. Plumb, moved from Hut 3; (later a historian) [6]
- Shaun Wylie[1]
- Leslie Yoxall devised Yoxallismus technique
- Judith Irene Bloomfield
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Noskwith 2011
- ^ Asa Briggs (2011), Secret Days: Code-breaking in Bletchley Park, London: Frontline Books, p. 70 ISBN 978-1-84832-615-6
- ^ "Hut 8 Open Again". Radio and Communications Monitoring Monthly. Vol. 3, no. 4. April 2008. p. 12. ISSN 1749-7809.
- ^ Secret Days: Code-breaking in Bletchley Park by Asa Briggs (2011, Frontline Books, London) p 75 ISBN 978-1-84832-615-6
- ^ Breaking Teleprinter Ciphers at Bletchley Park, Biographical Notes (2015, Wiley-IEEE) p 547 ISBN 978-0470465899
- ^ Briggs (2011) p.52
- Alexander, C. Hugh O'D. (c. 1945), Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma, The National Archives, Kew, Reference HW 25/1
- Mahon, A.P. (1945), The History of Hut Eight 1939 - 1945, UK National Archives Reference HW 25/2, retrieved 10 December 2009
- Rolf Noskwith, Hut 8 from the Inside - pages 197-210 of Action this Day, edited by Michael Smith & Ralph Erskine (2001, Bantam London) ISBN 0-593-04910-1
- Noskwith, Rolf (2011). "Chapter 12: Hut 8 From the Inside". In Erskine, Ralph; Smith, Michael (eds.). The Bletchley Park Codebreakers. Biteback Publishing. pp. 184–194. ISBN 978-1849540780. (Updated and extended version of Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer Bantam Press 2001)
Hut 8
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History
Establishment
Hut 8 Mining Corp. was founded in October 2017 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by serial entrepreneur Marc van der Chijs, focusing on Bitcoin mining operations powered by low-cost renewable energy.[13][3] The company went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange in 2018 as the first cryptocurrency mining firm listed there, aiming to provide infrastructure for digital asset mining while emphasizing sustainability.[14] Early operations centered on self-mining Bitcoin and hosting services for third-party miners, with initial sites in Alberta and British Columbia leveraging hydroelectric power.[5]Expansion and relocation
In February 2023, Hut 8 Mining Corp. announced a merger of equals with U.S. Data Mining Group, Inc. (operating as US Bitcoin Corp.), an American Bitcoin mining and hosting company, to create a larger North American platform with diversified energy assets.[15] The all-stock transaction closed in November 2023, forming Hut 8 Corp., with Asher Genoot, co-founder and former president of US Bitcoin Corp., appointed as CEO.[3] The merger combined Hut 8's Canadian operations with US Bitcoin's U.S.-based facilities, resulting in over 1,000 MW of energy infrastructure across 15 sites and enhancing capabilities in high-performance computing.[16] Following the merger, the company relocated its headquarters from Toronto to Miami, Florida, in 2024 to better align with its growing U.S. operations and access talent in the energy and tech sectors.[17] In March 2025, Hut 8 restructured its Bitcoin mining into a new entity, American Bitcoin Corp., in partnership with Eric Trump, focusing on sustainable mining practices.[7] The company rebranded in July 2025 to emphasize its power-first platform, under new leadership including Chief Strategy Officer Michael Ho and Chief Financial Officer Sean Glennan.[6] Recent expansions include securing five-year capacity contracts with the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) for 310 MW in July 2025 and plans for four new development sites announced in August 2025.[8][9]Operations
Power Generation
Hut 8 Corp. adopts a power-first strategy, acquiring, developing, and managing energy assets to support high-density compute applications. Through a joint venture with Macquarie Asset Management, the company owns and operates four natural gas power plants in Ontario, Canada, providing a total capacity of approximately 205 MW.[2] In July 2025, Hut 8 secured five-year capacity contracts with the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) for 310 MW of power generation assets.[8] As of September 30, 2025, the company's platform includes 1,020 MW of energy capacity under management across 15 sites in the United States and Canada, with a development pipeline of 8,650 MW incorporating hydro, nuclear, wind, and solar sources.[10] This includes plans announced in August 2025 to develop four new sites totaling more than 1.5 GW of capacity.[9]Digital Infrastructure
The digital infrastructure segment focuses on designing and operating data centers optimized for energy-intensive technologies. Hut 8 provides ASIC and CPU colocation services at strategically located facilities, including five Bitcoin mining data centers and five high-performance computing (HPC) data centers as of December 31, 2024, with expansions continuing into 2025.[12] Key sites include the 592-acre River Bend facility in Louisiana for AI-enabled operations, where in December 2025 Hut 8 signed a 15-year lease agreement with Fluidstack for 245 MW of AI data center capacity, with a total contract value of $7 billion over the base term. The agreement includes a financial backstop from Google covering lease payments and operations, with the initial data hall scheduled for completion and commissioning in Q2 2027.[18] and the Vega site supporting 205 MW. The company also manages one non-operational site and is developing additional infrastructure to reach 430 MW of AI-enabled facilities.[6] As of September 30, 2025, operations span 19 sites, including four under development.[10]Compute
Hut 8's compute operations integrate Bitcoin mining and advanced cloud services. In March 2025, the company restructured its Bitcoin mining into American Bitcoin Corp., a majority-owned subsidiary in partnership with Eric Trump, focusing on sustainable mining practices.[7] As of September 30, 2025, American Bitcoin operates with a total hashrate of approximately 26.8 EH/s (23.7 EH/s operational), achieving an efficiency of 16.3 J/TH, including self-mining at sites like King Mountain, Texas.[10] The company holds a strategic Bitcoin reserve of 13,696 BTC as of the same date.[10] Additionally, through Highrise AI, Hut 8 offers GPU-as-a-Service and data center cloud solutions, including backup, recovery, storage, and network services for institutional clients. Managed services extend to asset owners in the digital asset space.[2]Personnel
Leadership
Hut 8 Corp. is led by a team of executives with expertise in energy, digital assets, and technology sectors. As of November 2025, the key leadership includes:- Asher Genoot, Chief Executive Officer and Board Member, overseeing the company's strategic direction in energy infrastructure and compute assets.[11]
- Michael Ho, Chief Strategy Officer and Board Member, focusing on growth initiatives and partnerships.[11]
- Sean Glennan, Chief Financial Officer, managing financial operations and reporting.[11]
- Victor Semah, Chief Legal Officer, handling legal and compliance matters.[11]