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IS-IS

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IS-IS

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS, also written ISIS) is a link-state interior gateway protocol (IGP) used to exchange routing information within a network. Routers share network topology information so they can find the most efficient paths for data. IS-IS is typically deployed within a single autonomous system and is used in large enterprise and service provider networks.

The IS-IS protocol is defined in ISO/IEC 10589:2002 as an international standard within the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference design.

IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol, designed for use within an administrative domain or network. This is in contrast to exterior gateway protocols, primarily Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is used for routing between autonomous systems.

IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol, operating by flooding link state information throughout a network of routers. Each IS-IS router builds its own link-state database (LSDB) by collecting the flooded link-state information from other routers. Like the OSPF protocol, IS-IS uses Dijkstra's algorithm for computing the best path through the network. Packets (datagrams) are then forwarded, based on the computed ideal path, through the network to the destination.

The IS-IS protocol was developed by a team of people working at Digital Equipment Corporation as part of DECnet Phase V.

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) published IS-IS in 1990, but that RFC was later retracted and marked as historic because it republished a draft rather than a final version of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, causing confusion.

The protocol was standardized by ISO in 1992 as ISO 10589, for communication between network devices that are termed Intermediate Systems (as opposed to end systems or hosts) by the ISO. The purpose of IS-IS was to make the routing of datagrams possible using the ISO-developed OSI protocol stack called Connectionless-mode Network Service (CLNS). IS-IS was developed at roughly the same time that the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF was developing a similar protocol called OSPF. IS-IS was later extended to support routing of datagrams in the Internet Protocol (IP), the network-layer protocol of the global Internet. This version of the IS-IS routing protocol was then called Integrated IS-IS.

By 2005, IS-IS had become the de facto standard for large service provider network backbones.

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