Ian Malcolm Macphee AO (born 13 July 1938) is an Australian former politician. He held ministerial office in the Fraser government as Minister for Productivity (1976–1979), Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1979–1982), and Minister for Employment and Youth Affairs (1982–1983). He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1974 to 1990, representing the Liberal Party. He was known for his contributions in developing Australian multiculturalism as immigration minister and for being one of the most prominent "small-l" liberals within the Liberal Party.

Macphee was born in Sydney on 13 July 1938. His father was an electrical engineer who served with the Royal Australian Navy during World War II and later worked at the steelworks in Whyalla, South Australia.

Macphee was raised in the Sydney suburb of Neutral Bay, attending Neutral Bay Public School and North Sydney Technical College. After leaving school he worked as a clerk in the state Public Solicitor's Office while studying law part-time. He eventually graduated Bachelor of Laws from the University of Sydney. Macphee subsequently moved to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea and joined the territorial administration's Public Solicitor's Office. In that capacity he represented Papua New Guinean trade unions in local wage-setting negotiations. He also wrote opinion pieces for The Bulletin and Pacific Islands Monthly on local affairs and Australia's role in the lead-up to Papua New Guinea's independence in 1975.

After winning an East–West Center scholarship, Macphee moved to the United States to undertake further studies for two years. He spent time at Yale University and the University of Hawaii, graduating Master of Arts from the latter with a thesis on South-East Asian history and politics. He returned to Australia in 1968 and joined the New South Wales Chamber of Manufactures as an assistant director. He later moved to Melbourne and became director of the Victorian Chamber of Manufactures. He also served on the Victorian Committee on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation.

Macphee unsuccessfully sought Liberal preselection for the New South Wales seat of Berowra prior to the 1969 election, losing to Tom Hughes. He was president of the Liberal Party's Roseville East branch from 1970 to 1971. After moving to Victoria he served as chairman of the state party's manufacturing advisory committee from 1971 to 1973.

In March 1974, Macphee was preselected as the Liberal candidate for the safe seat of Balaclava, defeating 23 other candidates following the retirement of the incumbent MP Ray Whittorn. He retained Balaclava for the Liberal Party at the 1974 federal election.

Macphee was elevated to the second Fraser ministry following a ministerial reshuffle in November 1976, assuming the new portfolio of Minister for Productivity. He was also appointed Minister Assisting the Minister for Employment and Industrial Relations and replaced Tony Street as Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Women's Affairs. He received a broad mandate to deal with matters and policy affecting industrial productivity, although the creation of the new Department of Productivity was met with criticism from some who felt its responsibilities overlapped with existing departments. He spoke favourably on the recommendations of the Jackson Committee and said existing protectionist policies would need to be reviewed to produce "an internationally competitive, export-oriented manufacturing industry".

After three years in the productivity portfolio, Macphee replaced Michael MacKellar as the Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs. Fraser and MacKellar had already adopted the recommendations of the Galbally report, which led to a new framework for migrant settlement. Macphee, with the full support of Fraser, continued the pace of reform, allowing large numbers of Indochinese refugees into Australia and he also introduced a family reunion scheme for these refugees. Macphee was assisted by receiving full bipartisan support from the shadow Immigration Minister Mick Young.