.svg/2000px-Flag_of_Grito_de_Lares_(current,_medium_blue).svg.png)
Recent from talks
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
The independence movement in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, involves all activities seeking the independence of the archipelago and island as a sovereign state.
Since the 19th century, individuals and entities have advocated independence through violent rebellious and peaceful civic engagement actions. Under the administration of the Spanish Empire (1493–1898), the Revolutionary Committee claimed independence in the revolts of Grito de Lares (Cry of Lares) and Intentona de Yauco (Attempted Coup of Yauco). Under the administration of the United States (1898–present), the Nationalist Party (PNPR) called for independence using political violence, while the Independence Party (PIP) and Citizens’ Victory Movement (CVM) continue to peacefully promote independence through elections.
The political status of Puerto Rico is an ongoing debate centered around various options: statehood as a U.S. state, commonwealth as an unincorporated U.S. territory, free association as a sovereign freely associated state with the U.S., and independence as a sovereign state from the U.S.
During the insular civil government of Puerto Rico under the Foraker Act (1900–1917) and the Jones–Shafroth Act (1917–1952), the independence movement was mostly represented by the Union of Puerto Rico and Liberal Party, but also the Nationalist Party. Since the establishment of the commonwealth under the Constitution of Puerto Rico (1952–present), the Independence Party (PIP) has been the main proponent of independence, advocating for separation from the United States as a sovereign state. The party is closely allied with Citizens’ Victory Movement (CVM), which has called for "decolonization" since its creation in 2019.
The independence movement differs from the commonwealth movement, which began under the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) to promote self-governance as an unincorporated territory of the United States, and the statehood movement, which has advocated for integration into the United States as a U.S. state under the New Progressive Party (PNP) and its precursors, namely the Republican Party, Pure Republican Party, Republican Union, Republican Progressive Union Party, Statehood Party, and Republican Statehood Party.
The Independence movement has received the least support in all referendums held on the political status of Puerto Rico since 1967. In the first three plebiscites, it amassed less than 4.5% of the vote, receiving 0.60% in 1967, 4.47% in 1993, 2.6% in 1998. A fourth referendum took place in 2012, with 61.16% voting for statehood against 33.34% for free association and 5.49% for independence. The fifth plebiscite was held in 2017, with a voter turnout of 23%, the lowest turnout of any referendum held, 97.13% of voters chose statehood, while 1.50% favored independence, which was linked to free association. A sixth referendum took place in 2020, with 52.52% voting in favor of statehood and 47.48% voting against. In 2024, a seventh referendum was held with a voter turnout of 63.58%. With 83.83% valid votes, 14.34% blank votes, and 1.23% invalid votes, 58.61% favored statehood, 29.57% free association, and 11.81% independence.
The residents of Puerto Rico have democratically elected the governor of the archipelago and island since 1948, after the passing of the Elective Governor Act of 1947. The Independence Party (PIP) received less than 6.0% of the vote share for governor in the 14 general general elections held between 1960 and 2016, with its candidate finishing in the third, fourth, or fifth positions. In the 2020 general election, the party received 13.6% of the vote for the governorship, making it the most significant increase in support since the general elections of 1948, 1952, and 1956, where it respectively amassed 10.2%, 18.9%, and 12.4% of the votes, finishing in the second position in 1952 and third position in 1948 and 1956. Despite the expanded support in 2020, its candidate finished in the fourth position.
In the 2024 general elections, the PIP formed an electoral alliance, the Country Alliance, with the "anti-colonial" Citizens' Victory Movement (MVC), which received 13.92% of the vote share for governor in the 2020 general elections, the first for the party since its establishment in 2019. With 30.73% of the votes in 2024, the pro-independence movement, represented by the PIP in allience with the MVC, surpassed one of the two major parties in the race for governor for the first time since 1968 and finished in the second position for the first time since 1952, beating the 21.44% of votes won by the pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party (PPD), and coming second to the 41.22% of votes won by the pro-statehood New Progressive Party (PNP). While the pro-independence PIP and MVC alliance received their largest vote share for governor in electoral history, its support collapsed by 68.0% on the concurrent 2024 status referendum, with only 11.81% of voters favoring independence.
Hub AI
Independence movement in Puerto Rico AI simulator
(@Independence movement in Puerto Rico_simulator)
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
The independence movement in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, involves all activities seeking the independence of the archipelago and island as a sovereign state.
Since the 19th century, individuals and entities have advocated independence through violent rebellious and peaceful civic engagement actions. Under the administration of the Spanish Empire (1493–1898), the Revolutionary Committee claimed independence in the revolts of Grito de Lares (Cry of Lares) and Intentona de Yauco (Attempted Coup of Yauco). Under the administration of the United States (1898–present), the Nationalist Party (PNPR) called for independence using political violence, while the Independence Party (PIP) and Citizens’ Victory Movement (CVM) continue to peacefully promote independence through elections.
The political status of Puerto Rico is an ongoing debate centered around various options: statehood as a U.S. state, commonwealth as an unincorporated U.S. territory, free association as a sovereign freely associated state with the U.S., and independence as a sovereign state from the U.S.
During the insular civil government of Puerto Rico under the Foraker Act (1900–1917) and the Jones–Shafroth Act (1917–1952), the independence movement was mostly represented by the Union of Puerto Rico and Liberal Party, but also the Nationalist Party. Since the establishment of the commonwealth under the Constitution of Puerto Rico (1952–present), the Independence Party (PIP) has been the main proponent of independence, advocating for separation from the United States as a sovereign state. The party is closely allied with Citizens’ Victory Movement (CVM), which has called for "decolonization" since its creation in 2019.
The independence movement differs from the commonwealth movement, which began under the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) to promote self-governance as an unincorporated territory of the United States, and the statehood movement, which has advocated for integration into the United States as a U.S. state under the New Progressive Party (PNP) and its precursors, namely the Republican Party, Pure Republican Party, Republican Union, Republican Progressive Union Party, Statehood Party, and Republican Statehood Party.
The Independence movement has received the least support in all referendums held on the political status of Puerto Rico since 1967. In the first three plebiscites, it amassed less than 4.5% of the vote, receiving 0.60% in 1967, 4.47% in 1993, 2.6% in 1998. A fourth referendum took place in 2012, with 61.16% voting for statehood against 33.34% for free association and 5.49% for independence. The fifth plebiscite was held in 2017, with a voter turnout of 23%, the lowest turnout of any referendum held, 97.13% of voters chose statehood, while 1.50% favored independence, which was linked to free association. A sixth referendum took place in 2020, with 52.52% voting in favor of statehood and 47.48% voting against. In 2024, a seventh referendum was held with a voter turnout of 63.58%. With 83.83% valid votes, 14.34% blank votes, and 1.23% invalid votes, 58.61% favored statehood, 29.57% free association, and 11.81% independence.
The residents of Puerto Rico have democratically elected the governor of the archipelago and island since 1948, after the passing of the Elective Governor Act of 1947. The Independence Party (PIP) received less than 6.0% of the vote share for governor in the 14 general general elections held between 1960 and 2016, with its candidate finishing in the third, fourth, or fifth positions. In the 2020 general election, the party received 13.6% of the vote for the governorship, making it the most significant increase in support since the general elections of 1948, 1952, and 1956, where it respectively amassed 10.2%, 18.9%, and 12.4% of the votes, finishing in the second position in 1952 and third position in 1948 and 1956. Despite the expanded support in 2020, its candidate finished in the fourth position.
In the 2024 general elections, the PIP formed an electoral alliance, the Country Alliance, with the "anti-colonial" Citizens' Victory Movement (MVC), which received 13.92% of the vote share for governor in the 2020 general elections, the first for the party since its establishment in 2019. With 30.73% of the votes in 2024, the pro-independence movement, represented by the PIP in allience with the MVC, surpassed one of the two major parties in the race for governor for the first time since 1968 and finished in the second position for the first time since 1952, beating the 21.44% of votes won by the pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party (PPD), and coming second to the 41.22% of votes won by the pro-statehood New Progressive Party (PNP). While the pro-independence PIP and MVC alliance received their largest vote share for governor in electoral history, its support collapsed by 68.0% on the concurrent 2024 status referendum, with only 11.81% of voters favoring independence.
Recent media