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Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger service directly, while its subsidiaries provides commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Service). KAI also operates in other sectors, like properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through owning a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.
KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Madura and Sulawesi, with a total of 5,042 kilometres (3,133 mi) of tracks. In the year 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.
Kereta Api Indonesia originates from a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days. On 27 August 1863, Indonesia's first railway company was named Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). The colonial government of the Dutch East Indies gave concession to W. Poolman, Alex Frazer and E.H. Kol on 28 August 1862. Its initial route was from Samarang to Tanggung (Grobogan). The line started in Kemijen village, Semarang, by L.A.J.W. Baron Sloet van de Beele on 17 June 1864. The first lines, Batavia (Jakarta)–Buitenzorg (Bogor) and Samarang–Vorstenlanden opened on 10 August 1867. They faced big losses and bankruptcy. The colonial government assisted the company by forming Staatsspoorwegen, a state-owned company on 6 April 1875. Their route stretched from Buitenzorg (now Bogor) to Soerabaja (Surabaya). The private company Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij operated exclusively in North Sumatra, to transport rubber and tobacco around the Deli area.
In 1939, the total operational trackage was 4,588 km (2,851 mi) (it is unclear whether dual gauge tracks were counted once or twice).
Following Indonesian independence in 1945 and Dutch recognition of its sovereignty in 1949, the various railway systems (except the Deli Railway Company) were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia (DKARI, lit. Railways Service of the Republic of Indonesia) in 1953. The company traces its origins to 28 September 1945 – marked today as the official birthday of the rail network. The DKARI network received its first diesel locomotives in 1952. These diesel locomotives slowly dominated the railway lines, first in Java and then in Sumatra, for the next 2 decades. Non-state railway systems nationwide retained their formal existence until 1958, when all the railway lines were nationalised under DKARI, including the Deli in North Sumatra.
The network was finally corporatised with the foundation of its successor Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA, lit. National Railway Corporation of Indonesia) on 28 September 1963, its 18th anniversary, as part of the official celebrations held for the 1963-67 Railways Centennial. These celebrations also saw a renewed investment in the railway network's fleet. On 28 September 1970, PNKA had its branding changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, lit. Indonesian Railway Service Corporation LLC), which saw widespread dieselisation of the network and the retirement of its remaining steam powered assets.
Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era were lifted up or abandoned in the 1980s.
On 1 August 1990, PJKA was once more renamed to Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, lit. Indonesian Railways Public Corporation LLC). Law No. 13 of 1992 stated that the government operates railways, delegates operations to an operating body (then the Perumka, now PT KAI) and provides and maintains railway infrastructure. Private companies were allowed to co-operate in railway operation work.[citation needed]
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Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger service directly, while its subsidiaries provides commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Service). KAI also operates in other sectors, like properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through owning a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.
KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Madura and Sulawesi, with a total of 5,042 kilometres (3,133 mi) of tracks. In the year 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.
Kereta Api Indonesia originates from a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days. On 27 August 1863, Indonesia's first railway company was named Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). The colonial government of the Dutch East Indies gave concession to W. Poolman, Alex Frazer and E.H. Kol on 28 August 1862. Its initial route was from Samarang to Tanggung (Grobogan). The line started in Kemijen village, Semarang, by L.A.J.W. Baron Sloet van de Beele on 17 June 1864. The first lines, Batavia (Jakarta)–Buitenzorg (Bogor) and Samarang–Vorstenlanden opened on 10 August 1867. They faced big losses and bankruptcy. The colonial government assisted the company by forming Staatsspoorwegen, a state-owned company on 6 April 1875. Their route stretched from Buitenzorg (now Bogor) to Soerabaja (Surabaya). The private company Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij operated exclusively in North Sumatra, to transport rubber and tobacco around the Deli area.
In 1939, the total operational trackage was 4,588 km (2,851 mi) (it is unclear whether dual gauge tracks were counted once or twice).
Following Indonesian independence in 1945 and Dutch recognition of its sovereignty in 1949, the various railway systems (except the Deli Railway Company) were combined into the Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia (DKARI, lit. Railways Service of the Republic of Indonesia) in 1953. The company traces its origins to 28 September 1945 – marked today as the official birthday of the rail network. The DKARI network received its first diesel locomotives in 1952. These diesel locomotives slowly dominated the railway lines, first in Java and then in Sumatra, for the next 2 decades. Non-state railway systems nationwide retained their formal existence until 1958, when all the railway lines were nationalised under DKARI, including the Deli in North Sumatra.
The network was finally corporatised with the foundation of its successor Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA, lit. National Railway Corporation of Indonesia) on 28 September 1963, its 18th anniversary, as part of the official celebrations held for the 1963-67 Railways Centennial. These celebrations also saw a renewed investment in the railway network's fleet. On 28 September 1970, PNKA had its branding changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, lit. Indonesian Railway Service Corporation LLC), which saw widespread dieselisation of the network and the retirement of its remaining steam powered assets.
Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era were lifted up or abandoned in the 1980s.
On 1 August 1990, PJKA was once more renamed to Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, lit. Indonesian Railways Public Corporation LLC). Law No. 13 of 1992 stated that the government operates railways, delegates operations to an operating body (then the Perumka, now PT KAI) and provides and maintains railway infrastructure. Private companies were allowed to co-operate in railway operation work.[citation needed]