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Ipilimumab
Ipilimumab, sold under the brand name Yervoy, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, an inhibitory mechanism interrupts this destruction. Ipilimumab turns off this inhibitory mechanism and boosts the body's immune response against cancer cells.
Ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2011, for the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer. It is undergoing[when?] clinical trials for the treatment of bladder cancer and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
The concept of using anti-CTLA4 antibodies to treat cancer was first developed by James P. Allison while he was director of the Cancer Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. Clinical development of anti-CTLA4 was initiated by Medarex, which was later acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb. For his work in developing ipilimumab, Allison was awarded the Lasker Award in 2015. Allison later was the co-winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2011, to treat people with late-stage melanoma that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It was later approved by the FDA in October 2015, for stage 3 patients as adjuvant therapy. On 1 February 2012, Health Canada approved ipilimumab for "treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in patients who have failed or do not tolerate other systemic therapy for advanced disease." Ipilimumab was authorized in the European Union (EU), for second line treatment of metastatic melanoma in November 2012.
Nivolumab, in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for treating the following:
In October 2020, the FDA approved the combination of nivolumab with ipilimumab for the first-line treatment of adults with malignant pleural mesothelioma that cannot be removed by surgery. This is the first drug regimen approved for mesothelioma in 16 years and the second FDA-approved systemic therapy for mesothelioma.
In April 2025, the FDA approved nivolumab with ipilimumab for people aged 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. The FDA also converted the accelerated approval to regular approval for single agent nivolumab for people aged 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer, that has progressed following fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.
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Ipilimumab
Ipilimumab, sold under the brand name Yervoy, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, an inhibitory mechanism interrupts this destruction. Ipilimumab turns off this inhibitory mechanism and boosts the body's immune response against cancer cells.
Ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2011, for the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer. It is undergoing[when?] clinical trials for the treatment of bladder cancer and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
The concept of using anti-CTLA4 antibodies to treat cancer was first developed by James P. Allison while he was director of the Cancer Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. Clinical development of anti-CTLA4 was initiated by Medarex, which was later acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb. For his work in developing ipilimumab, Allison was awarded the Lasker Award in 2015. Allison later was the co-winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2011, to treat people with late-stage melanoma that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It was later approved by the FDA in October 2015, for stage 3 patients as adjuvant therapy. On 1 February 2012, Health Canada approved ipilimumab for "treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in patients who have failed or do not tolerate other systemic therapy for advanced disease." Ipilimumab was authorized in the European Union (EU), for second line treatment of metastatic melanoma in November 2012.
Nivolumab, in combination with ipilimumab is indicated for treating the following:
In October 2020, the FDA approved the combination of nivolumab with ipilimumab for the first-line treatment of adults with malignant pleural mesothelioma that cannot be removed by surgery. This is the first drug regimen approved for mesothelioma in 16 years and the second FDA-approved systemic therapy for mesothelioma.
In April 2025, the FDA approved nivolumab with ipilimumab for people aged 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. The FDA also converted the accelerated approval to regular approval for single agent nivolumab for people aged 12 years and older with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer, that has progressed following fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan.