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Ishibutai Kofun
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Ishibutai Kofun
Ishibutai kofun (石舞台古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1935. In 1954 the designation was elevated to a Special Historic Sites (特別史跡, tokubetsu shiseki), The kofun is also known as the Ishibutoya (石太屋) Kofun.
The Ishibutai Kofun occupies an area of 27 m2 (291 sq ft), and is the largest known megalithic structure in Japan. It is located 5 km from Tanzan Shrine. It was originally covered by a mound made of piled up earth, but the earth has disappeared, exposing a horizontal stone burial chamber made of huge stones.
The name of the kofun in Japanese is a combination of two words, the first, ishi (石), meaning "stone", and the second, butai (舞台), meaning "stage". The name of the kofun therefore originates in its resemblance to a large stone stage. The Ishibutai kofun has been known by this name at least as early as the Tokugawa period, as evidenced by its entry in the Saigoku sanjūsansho meisho zue, a large guide to Buddhist pilgrimage sites written by Kanenari Akatsuki in 1853.
The Ishibutai Kofun is inferred to be the tomb of Soga no Umako (559? - 626), and his death during the reign of Empress Suiko is recorded in the Nihon Shoki.
The historian and archeologist Sadakichi Kita (1871 - 1939) proposed that the Ishibutai Kofun is the above-mentioned "Momohana" tomb in the Nihon Shoki. Kita also proposed that the earthen mound of the Ishibutai Kofun was removed after Soga no Umako's death as a punishment of the Soga clan by the imperial government.
The Ishibutai Kofun was built on a spur of a mountain that falls northeast to a small plateau. It consists of a platform, a gallery entryway, stone walls that form a burial chamber, two large stones that form a ceiling for the burial chamber, and embankments on either side of the tomb. In total 30 stones were used to construct the Ishibutai Kofun. The large granite megaliths come from Mount Tōnomine, which is approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from the site.
The Ishibutai kofun originally occupied a much larger area than is evidenced by the existing stone tumulus. It was built on a square platform, which measured 50 m (164 ft) on each side at the time of construction. Archeological excavations have revealed that the kofun was surrounded by a moat, a feature typical of other kofun of the period. This moat is estimated to be 12 m (39 ft) wide. In total the kofun, platform, and moat probably covered an area 85 m (279 ft) long.
Kofun typically had a stone approach to the entrance path of the tomb. The Ishibutai has a particularly long entrance path, which measures 38 m (125 ft). A shallow drainage channel 11.5 m (38 ft) long and 2.55 m (8 ft) wide runs the length of the entrance path. This entrance was originally covered like the tomb, but its stone ceiling no longer exists.
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Ishibutai Kofun
Ishibutai kofun (石舞台古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1935. In 1954 the designation was elevated to a Special Historic Sites (特別史跡, tokubetsu shiseki), The kofun is also known as the Ishibutoya (石太屋) Kofun.
The Ishibutai Kofun occupies an area of 27 m2 (291 sq ft), and is the largest known megalithic structure in Japan. It is located 5 km from Tanzan Shrine. It was originally covered by a mound made of piled up earth, but the earth has disappeared, exposing a horizontal stone burial chamber made of huge stones.
The name of the kofun in Japanese is a combination of two words, the first, ishi (石), meaning "stone", and the second, butai (舞台), meaning "stage". The name of the kofun therefore originates in its resemblance to a large stone stage. The Ishibutai kofun has been known by this name at least as early as the Tokugawa period, as evidenced by its entry in the Saigoku sanjūsansho meisho zue, a large guide to Buddhist pilgrimage sites written by Kanenari Akatsuki in 1853.
The Ishibutai Kofun is inferred to be the tomb of Soga no Umako (559? - 626), and his death during the reign of Empress Suiko is recorded in the Nihon Shoki.
The historian and archeologist Sadakichi Kita (1871 - 1939) proposed that the Ishibutai Kofun is the above-mentioned "Momohana" tomb in the Nihon Shoki. Kita also proposed that the earthen mound of the Ishibutai Kofun was removed after Soga no Umako's death as a punishment of the Soga clan by the imperial government.
The Ishibutai Kofun was built on a spur of a mountain that falls northeast to a small plateau. It consists of a platform, a gallery entryway, stone walls that form a burial chamber, two large stones that form a ceiling for the burial chamber, and embankments on either side of the tomb. In total 30 stones were used to construct the Ishibutai Kofun. The large granite megaliths come from Mount Tōnomine, which is approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) from the site.
The Ishibutai kofun originally occupied a much larger area than is evidenced by the existing stone tumulus. It was built on a square platform, which measured 50 m (164 ft) on each side at the time of construction. Archeological excavations have revealed that the kofun was surrounded by a moat, a feature typical of other kofun of the period. This moat is estimated to be 12 m (39 ft) wide. In total the kofun, platform, and moat probably covered an area 85 m (279 ft) long.
Kofun typically had a stone approach to the entrance path of the tomb. The Ishibutai has a particularly long entrance path, which measures 38 m (125 ft). A shallow drainage channel 11.5 m (38 ft) long and 2.55 m (8 ft) wide runs the length of the entrance path. This entrance was originally covered like the tomb, but its stone ceiling no longer exists.
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