Jalore district is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jalore is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,640 km² (4,108 sq mi) (3.11 percent of Rajasthan's area), and a population of 1,828,730 (2011 census), with a population density of 136 persons per square kilometre.

In ancient times Jalore was known as Jabalipura - named after the Hindu saint Jabali. The town was also known as Suvarngiri or Songir, the Golden Mount, on which the fort stands. It was a flourishing town in the 8th century, and according to some historical sources, in the 8th-9th centuries, one branch of the pratihara empire ruled at Jablipur (Jalore). Raja Man Pratihar was ruling Bhinmal in Jalore when Parmara Emperor Vakpati Munja (972-990 CE) invaded the region — after this conquest he divided these conquered territories among his Parmara princes - his son Aranyaraj Parmar was granted Abu region, his son and his nephew Chandan Parmar, Dharnivarah Parmar was given Jalore region. This ended almost 250 years Pratihar rule over Bhinmal. Raja Man Pratihar's son Dewalsimha Pratihar was a contemporary of Abu's Raja Mahipal Parmar (1000-1014 CE). Raja Devalsimha made many attempts to free his country or to re-establish Pratihar hold onto Bhinmal but in vain .Finally he settled for the territories in Southwest of Bhinmal, comprising four hills - Dodasa, Nadwana, Kala-Pahad and Sundha. He made Lohiyana (present Jaswantpura) his capital. Hence this subclan became Dewal Pratihars. Gradually their jagir included 52 villages in and around modern Jalore district. The Dewals participated in Jalore's Chauhan Kanhaddeo's resistance against Allauddin Khilji. Thakur Dhawalsimha Dewal of Lohiyana supplied manpower to Maharana Pratap and married his daughter to the Maharana, in return Maharana gave him the title of “Rana” which has stayed with them till this day

In the 10th century, Jalore was ruled by the Paramaras. In 1181, Kirtipala, the youngest son of Alhana, the Chahamana ruler of Nadol, captured Jalore from the Paramaras and founded the Jalore line of Chauhans. His son Samarasimha succeeded him in 1182. Samarasimha was succeeded by Udayasimha, who expanded the kingdom by recapturing Nadol and Mandor from the Turks. During Udayasimha's reign, Jalore was a tributary of the Delhi Sultanate. Udayasimha was succeeded by Chachigadeva and Samantasimha. Samantasimha was succeeded by his son Kanhadadeva.

During the reign of Kanhadadeva, Jalor was attacked and captured in 1311 by the Delhi's Turkic Sultan Alauddin Khalji. Kanhadadeva and his son Viramadeva died defending Jalore.

Rathore rulers of Ratlam used the Jalore fort to safe-keep their treasure.^{[citation needed]}

In the Middle Time nearly 1690 Royal Family Of Jalore Yadu Chandravanshi Bhati Rajput Of Jaisalmer came Jalore and make make their kingdom.^{[citation needed]} They are also known as Nathji, Thakaro by the local people of Ummedabad. Jalore is a second capital of them the first capital was Jodhpur still chhatri of bhati sardar from royal family of Jalore ancestors exists. They ruled whole Jalore, Jodhpur in their time after Mughals they had only Ummedabad.^{[citation needed]}

The Turkic rulers of Palanpur State of Gujarat briefly ruled Jalore in the 16th century and it became part of the Mughal Empire. It was restored to Marwar in 1704, and remained part of the kingdom until shortly after Indian Independence in 1947.

There are 12 Math (Big Hindu monasteries) and 13 Takiya (Masjid).