James Hamilton Stanhope

James Hamilton Stanhope (1788 – 5 March 1825) was a British Army officer who fought in the Peninsular War and at the Battle of Waterloo. He was a Member of Parliament for Buckingham, 1817–1818, Fowey, 1818–1819, and Dartmouth, 1822–1825.

Born 1788, Stanhope was the third and youngest son of Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope and Louisa Grenville, niece of 2nd Earl Temple. He was the brother of Philip Stanhope and half-brother to Lady Hester Stanhope. He was raised at the family seat Chevening with his five siblings.

Stanhope was joined in the British Army at the age of 15, contrary to his father's wishes, but by the advice and influence of William Pitt the Younger; who was 3rd Earl's second cousin, by the marriage of his grandfather, the 1st Earl, to Lucy, sister of Robert Pitt of Boconnock (the Minister's grandfather). He entered the British Army as Ensign in the 1st Foot Guards, 26 December 1805; was promoted Lieutenant and Captain, 14 January 1808; brevet Major, 21 June 1813; and Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel in the 1st Foot Guards, 25 July 1814.

Stanhope served in Spain, Portugal, Flanders and France. He served as on the staff of General Sir John Moore as an aide-de-camp in 1809. He acted as extra aid-de-camp to Lord Lynedoch (1810–1814). In 1812, was appointed a Deputy Assistant Quarter Master General, and in 1813 as Assistant Quarter Master General in the Peninsula.

During the Siege of San Sebastián in late August and early September 1813, Stanhope received a grape-shot wound in the spine. The opinion of the surgeons by whom he was attended, was that the ball could not, without imminent risk of fatal consequences, be extracted, so it remained lodged in place and caused him immense suffering for the rest of his life. He remained in the army and in 1815 served as an assistant adjacent to Duke of Wellington during the Waterloo Campaign and took part in the Battle of Waterloo and the subsequent the march upon Paris. From 1815 until he died he was aid-de-camp to Prince Frederick.

Stanhope was first elected to parliament in 1817; he was returned for Fowey at the general election in 1818, but was not re-chosen in 1820. In that year, by the will of Joseph Banks (his first cousin once-removed), he was appointed one of his four executors. Stanhope re-entered the House of Commons in early in 1822 as M.P. for Dartmouth, and continued so until his death.

On 9 July 1820, Stanhope married Lady Frederica Louisa Murray, eldest daughter of David William Murray, 3rd Earl Mansfield and Frederica Markham at Kenwood House, performed by her uncle Robert Markham, Archdeacon of York. His wife gave birth to one son named James Stanhope in 1821, but she died on 14 January 1823. He built a large tomb and monument for her at Chevening Church by Sir Francis Chantrey at the cost of 1500 guineas.

Greatly afflicted at the death of his wife Stanhope gave up his establishment in South Audley Street in London and moved into Kenwood House, the seat of his father-in-law. In 1825, Stanhope was still very depressed over the loss of his wife and continued to suffer physical discomfort from the wound he had received in Spain twelve years earlier. He had appeared very abstracted, and was in the habit of sitting a long time, as if in a state of stupor, and then he would suddenly start up, as if from sleep or upon an alarm.^{[citation needed]}