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Jesuit College of Ingolstadt
The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt (German: Jesuitenkolleg Ingolstadt) was a Jesuit school in Ingolstadt, in the Duchy and Electorate of Bavaria, founded in 1556, that operated until the suppression of the Jesuit Order in 1773. The college was the headquarters of the Jesuits in Germany, and became a center of the Counter-Reformation. Many of its members taught at the University of Ingolstadt.
The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria (1417–79). William IV, Duke of Bavaria, (1493–1550) arranged with Ignatius of Loyola for three Jesuits to lecture at the university in 1549. They were Alfonso Salmerón (1515–1585) of Spain, Claude Le Jay (c. 1504–1552) of Savoy and Peter Canisius (1521–1597) of the Netherlands. Canisius was elected first dean and then rector of the theological faculty, and from 1551–1552 was vice-chancellor. However, by February 1552 the three Jesuits had moved on to new assignments.
In 1555 Peter Canisius agreed with Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, (1528–1579) on the terms for establishing the Jesuit college. The initial concept of this and other early Jesuit colleges was that they should be endowed, giving them an assured income. They would be near a university but not formally associated with it. The college would provide accommodation for scholastics, who would attend the university or other colleges for classes. Ignatius of Loyola provided detailed instructions to the 18 Jesuits that were sent from Rome in 1556. He recommended that the fathers treated the local authorities with great respect and do all they could to obtain the support of influential people. Peter Canisius was the first head of the college, from 1555 until he moved to Switzerland in 1580. Ignatius established the German province of the Society of Jesus in 1556 and appointed Canisius as its first leader.
There were delays in constructing a building for the college due to financial problems. Work on the Collegium Albertinum eventually started in 1569 and was complete in 1574. The Jesuits occupied the college in 1576. That year the Jesuits founded the establishment of Convictus sancti Ignatii martyris (believers in Saint Ignatius of Antioch). The Albertinum was initially a college of the University of Ingolstadt, but in 1599 it was incorporated into the Jesuit college as a seminary. The seminarians could attend the university courses. The college became the center of the Jesuits in Germany. In 1589 Biburg Abbey, which had been closed since 1555 and held under sovereign administration, was given to the college. In 1591 the former Münchsmünster Abbey was given to the college as an endowment.
The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome held an image of the Virgin and Child attributed to Saint Luke. In the 6th century it was carried through the streets of Rome during an outbreak of plague. Around 1570 Francis Borgia donated a copy of the painting of Maria-Schnee (Mary of the Snows) to the college. This was a carefully made copy of the icon. In 1595 Father Jakob Rem founded the Colloquium Marianum during the dedication of a new altar at the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt. The image of the Virgin was placed above the altar On 6 April 1604, according to a Jesuit chronicle, the Virgin Mary appeared in a vision to father Jakob, who was moved to ask the choir to repeat the phrase Mater admirablis three times to please the Virgin. This repetition became a set part of the litany of the Colloquists. The icon, which was given the name Mater ter admirabilis after the miraculous event, became the focus for Marian devotion in the college. It was used during the Counter-Reformation as justification of the cult of images.
The Jesuit College was a base for the Counter-Reformation, with a focus on education. The Jesuits and their supporters soon dominated the University of Ingolstadt. In 1588 the faculty of Arts was transferred to the Jesuits but they never had complete control of the university. Arts and theology were the province of the Jesuits while lay professors taught law and medicine. The college became known as a center of learning. When Georg Eder (1523–87) was preparing to publish his Das guldene Flüß, he asked Duke Albert V to make sure the proofs were checked by Jesuit theologians who were fluent in German.
The Jesuits probably sponsored printing of Latin devotional works such as De Imitatione Christi by Thomas à Kempis, printed in Lyon in 1564 and recorded in the Ingolstadt college library in 1568. The Jesuits ran a secondary school, the paedagogium, which taught students Latin, Greek, poetry, dialectic and rhetoric in preparation for admission to the university. It had five hundred pupils in 1604–05. There was strong demand for admission to schools such as this, which the Jesuits had difficulty satisfying. Lutheran parents would even claim that they were Catholic so their sons could be admitted. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, (1573–1651) established scholarships for the Jesuit college and the University of Ingolstadt early in his reign.
The Jesuits were instrumental in winning back much of southern Germany to the Roman Catholic Church. They had humanistic goals and followed the Tridentine reform in their education program. Jesuit scholars from the college who taught at the university included theologians, philosophers, linguists, mathematicians and astronomers. The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt became a cultural center of the highest rank. The Jesuits were both dramatists and directors of the Jesuit Theater, where students regularly put on performances. Jacob Bidermann (1578–1639) studied at the Jesuit College before moving to Munich and then to Rome. He was a prolific author of plays, novels, poems and hymns, one of the greatest of German playwrights of his day.
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Jesuit College of Ingolstadt
The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt (German: Jesuitenkolleg Ingolstadt) was a Jesuit school in Ingolstadt, in the Duchy and Electorate of Bavaria, founded in 1556, that operated until the suppression of the Jesuit Order in 1773. The college was the headquarters of the Jesuits in Germany, and became a center of the Counter-Reformation. Many of its members taught at the University of Ingolstadt.
The University of Ingolstadt was founded in 1472 by Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria (1417–79). William IV, Duke of Bavaria, (1493–1550) arranged with Ignatius of Loyola for three Jesuits to lecture at the university in 1549. They were Alfonso Salmerón (1515–1585) of Spain, Claude Le Jay (c. 1504–1552) of Savoy and Peter Canisius (1521–1597) of the Netherlands. Canisius was elected first dean and then rector of the theological faculty, and from 1551–1552 was vice-chancellor. However, by February 1552 the three Jesuits had moved on to new assignments.
In 1555 Peter Canisius agreed with Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, (1528–1579) on the terms for establishing the Jesuit college. The initial concept of this and other early Jesuit colleges was that they should be endowed, giving them an assured income. They would be near a university but not formally associated with it. The college would provide accommodation for scholastics, who would attend the university or other colleges for classes. Ignatius of Loyola provided detailed instructions to the 18 Jesuits that were sent from Rome in 1556. He recommended that the fathers treated the local authorities with great respect and do all they could to obtain the support of influential people. Peter Canisius was the first head of the college, from 1555 until he moved to Switzerland in 1580. Ignatius established the German province of the Society of Jesus in 1556 and appointed Canisius as its first leader.
There were delays in constructing a building for the college due to financial problems. Work on the Collegium Albertinum eventually started in 1569 and was complete in 1574. The Jesuits occupied the college in 1576. That year the Jesuits founded the establishment of Convictus sancti Ignatii martyris (believers in Saint Ignatius of Antioch). The Albertinum was initially a college of the University of Ingolstadt, but in 1599 it was incorporated into the Jesuit college as a seminary. The seminarians could attend the university courses. The college became the center of the Jesuits in Germany. In 1589 Biburg Abbey, which had been closed since 1555 and held under sovereign administration, was given to the college. In 1591 the former Münchsmünster Abbey was given to the college as an endowment.
The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome held an image of the Virgin and Child attributed to Saint Luke. In the 6th century it was carried through the streets of Rome during an outbreak of plague. Around 1570 Francis Borgia donated a copy of the painting of Maria-Schnee (Mary of the Snows) to the college. This was a carefully made copy of the icon. In 1595 Father Jakob Rem founded the Colloquium Marianum during the dedication of a new altar at the Jesuit College of Ingolstadt. The image of the Virgin was placed above the altar On 6 April 1604, according to a Jesuit chronicle, the Virgin Mary appeared in a vision to father Jakob, who was moved to ask the choir to repeat the phrase Mater admirablis three times to please the Virgin. This repetition became a set part of the litany of the Colloquists. The icon, which was given the name Mater ter admirabilis after the miraculous event, became the focus for Marian devotion in the college. It was used during the Counter-Reformation as justification of the cult of images.
The Jesuit College was a base for the Counter-Reformation, with a focus on education. The Jesuits and their supporters soon dominated the University of Ingolstadt. In 1588 the faculty of Arts was transferred to the Jesuits but they never had complete control of the university. Arts and theology were the province of the Jesuits while lay professors taught law and medicine. The college became known as a center of learning. When Georg Eder (1523–87) was preparing to publish his Das guldene Flüß, he asked Duke Albert V to make sure the proofs were checked by Jesuit theologians who were fluent in German.
The Jesuits probably sponsored printing of Latin devotional works such as De Imitatione Christi by Thomas à Kempis, printed in Lyon in 1564 and recorded in the Ingolstadt college library in 1568. The Jesuits ran a secondary school, the paedagogium, which taught students Latin, Greek, poetry, dialectic and rhetoric in preparation for admission to the university. It had five hundred pupils in 1604–05. There was strong demand for admission to schools such as this, which the Jesuits had difficulty satisfying. Lutheran parents would even claim that they were Catholic so their sons could be admitted. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, (1573–1651) established scholarships for the Jesuit college and the University of Ingolstadt early in his reign.
The Jesuits were instrumental in winning back much of southern Germany to the Roman Catholic Church. They had humanistic goals and followed the Tridentine reform in their education program. Jesuit scholars from the college who taught at the university included theologians, philosophers, linguists, mathematicians and astronomers. The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt became a cultural center of the highest rank. The Jesuits were both dramatists and directors of the Jesuit Theater, where students regularly put on performances. Jacob Bidermann (1578–1639) studied at the Jesuit College before moving to Munich and then to Rome. He was a prolific author of plays, novels, poems and hymns, one of the greatest of German playwrights of his day.
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