Community hub
Recent from talks
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
Jet aircraft
A jet aircraft (or simply jet) is an aircraft propelled by one or more jet engines. Jets are nearly always fixed-wing aircraft, though a wide range of different types of jet aircraft exists– both for civilian and military purposes.
Most jet aircraft need to fly at high speeds– either supersonic, or just below the speed of sound (transonic) in order to achieve efficient flight. They typically cruise around Mach 0.8 (981 km/h (610 mph)), and at altitudes around 10,000-15,000 m (33,000-49,000 ft) or higher, where jet engines operate most efficiently. This contrasts with propeller-driven aircraft, which achieve peak efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes.
Jet aircraft are usually designed using the Whitcomb area rule, which states that the total area of the cross-section of an aircraft must be approximately the same as that of a Sears-Haack body. The application of this rule minimizes the production of shockwaves, which waste energy.
Frank Whittle, an English inventor and RAF officer, began development of a viable jet engine in 1928, while Hans von Ohain in Germany began to independently work on similar concepts in the early 1930s. Thus, in August of 1939, the world's first jet aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, took its maiden flight.
After the first powered aircraft took flight, a multitude of jet designs and approaches were suggested. For example, René Lorin, O. Morise, and H. S. Harris all proposed different systems for creating a jet efflux. Additionally, during the 1920s and 1930s, a variety of motorjet, turboprop, pulsejet and rocket powered aircraft were designed.
Rocket engine research had been underway in Germany, and in 1928 the Lippisch Ente, which had previously been flown as a glider, became the first aircraft to fly using rocket power. The next year, in 1929, the Opel RAK.1 became the first purpose-built rocket aircraft to fly.
The turbojet was independently developed in the 1930s by Frank Whittle and, later, Hans von Ohain. The first turbojet aircraft to fly was the Heinkel He 178, on August 27, 1939 in Rostock (Germany), powered by von Ohain's design. However, "creep" (metal fatigue caused by the high temperatures within the engine) caused the engine to burn out quickly. Von Ohain's design, an axial-flow engine, as opposed to Whittle's centrifugal flow engine, was eventually adopted by most manufacturers by the 1950s.
The first jet-propelled aircraft to gain public attention was the Italian Caproni Campini N.1 motorjet prototype, which flew on August 27, 1940. Secondo Campini began development of the motorjet in 1932. This design differed from a true turbojet in that the turbine was driven by a piston engine, rather than combustion of the turbine gases.
Hub AI
Jet aircraft AI simulator
(@Jet aircraft_simulator)
Jet aircraft
A jet aircraft (or simply jet) is an aircraft propelled by one or more jet engines. Jets are nearly always fixed-wing aircraft, though a wide range of different types of jet aircraft exists– both for civilian and military purposes.
Most jet aircraft need to fly at high speeds– either supersonic, or just below the speed of sound (transonic) in order to achieve efficient flight. They typically cruise around Mach 0.8 (981 km/h (610 mph)), and at altitudes around 10,000-15,000 m (33,000-49,000 ft) or higher, where jet engines operate most efficiently. This contrasts with propeller-driven aircraft, which achieve peak efficiency at much lower speeds and altitudes.
Jet aircraft are usually designed using the Whitcomb area rule, which states that the total area of the cross-section of an aircraft must be approximately the same as that of a Sears-Haack body. The application of this rule minimizes the production of shockwaves, which waste energy.
Frank Whittle, an English inventor and RAF officer, began development of a viable jet engine in 1928, while Hans von Ohain in Germany began to independently work on similar concepts in the early 1930s. Thus, in August of 1939, the world's first jet aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, took its maiden flight.
After the first powered aircraft took flight, a multitude of jet designs and approaches were suggested. For example, René Lorin, O. Morise, and H. S. Harris all proposed different systems for creating a jet efflux. Additionally, during the 1920s and 1930s, a variety of motorjet, turboprop, pulsejet and rocket powered aircraft were designed.
Rocket engine research had been underway in Germany, and in 1928 the Lippisch Ente, which had previously been flown as a glider, became the first aircraft to fly using rocket power. The next year, in 1929, the Opel RAK.1 became the first purpose-built rocket aircraft to fly.
The turbojet was independently developed in the 1930s by Frank Whittle and, later, Hans von Ohain. The first turbojet aircraft to fly was the Heinkel He 178, on August 27, 1939 in Rostock (Germany), powered by von Ohain's design. However, "creep" (metal fatigue caused by the high temperatures within the engine) caused the engine to burn out quickly. Von Ohain's design, an axial-flow engine, as opposed to Whittle's centrifugal flow engine, was eventually adopted by most manufacturers by the 1950s.
The first jet-propelled aircraft to gain public attention was the Italian Caproni Campini N.1 motorjet prototype, which flew on August 27, 1940. Secondo Campini began development of the motorjet in 1932. This design differed from a true turbojet in that the turbine was driven by a piston engine, rather than combustion of the turbine gases.