Mkhacani Joseph Maswanganyi (born 14 April 1966) is a South African politician from Limpopo Province. He represents the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly, where he is the chairperson of the Standing Committee on Finance. He was formerly the Minister of Transport from March 2017 to February 2018.

A teacher by training, Maswanganyi served in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature before he joined the National Assembly in May 2015. He was a Member of the Limpopo Executive Council under Premiers Ngoako Ramatlhodi and Sello Moloto. On 31 March 2017, after two years as a backbencher, Maswaganyi was promoted to Minister of Transport in the second cabinet of President Jacob Zuma. Zuma's successor, President Cyril Ramaphosa, sacked him from the cabinet in February 2018, whereafter he chaired the Portfolio Committee on Transport until he was elected to his current committee chairmanship after the 2019 general election.

During his tenure in the provincial legislature, Maswanganyi was the Deputy President of the ANC Youth League from 1998 to 2001 under league president Malusi Gigaba. After that, he was a member of the ANC Provincial Executive Committee in Limpopo, where he served as ANC Provincial Secretary from July 2008 to December 2011. He has been a member of the ANC National Executive Committee since December 2017.

Maswanganyi was born on 14 April 1966 in Giyani in the former Transvaal. He grew up in Mudabula, a village in nearby Malamulele. After matriculating in 1988, he trained as a teacher. Later, after the end of apartheid, he completed a Bachelor of Arts from the University of South Africa in 2000, a Master's degree in governance and political transformation from the University of the Free State in 2006, and a second Master's degree in political science from the University of Venda in 2016.

Maswanganyi worked as a teacher until 1994, when he entered politics full-time. He was the chairperson of the Public Works Commission in 1997.

From 1997 to 2014, Maswanganyi represented his political party, the African National Congress (ANC), in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature. During his first term in the legislature, he was also the national deputy president of the ANC Youth League, deputising Malusi Gigaba; he was succeeded by Rubben Mohlaloga in April 2001, when he stepped down due to having passed the league's 35-year age limit.

After serving in several committees in the legislature, Maswanganyi was appointed to the Executive Council of Limpopo under Premier Ngoako Ramatlhodi, who appointed him as Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Local Government and Housing. In this capacity, in early 2002, Maswanganyi became the figurehead of a government campaign to change the names of major cities in the province, including by renaming the capital, Pietersburg, as Polokwane. Maswanganyi said the current names were "a sad reminder of a history of oppressive colonial practices". The opposition Freedom Front said that it would protest the scheme through civil disobedience by withholding municipal property taxes.

In 2004, Maswanganyi was moved to a new portfolio as MEC for Sports, Arts and Culture in 2004. He was sacked from that position in November 2006 in a reshuffle by Ramatlhodi's successor, Premier Sello Moloto. He was succeeded by Joyce Mashamba, who hailed him for having "unified the nation" during his time in the portfolio. Moloto subsequently denied that Maswanganyi's dismissal was part of a "purge" of his opponents; instead, he said that Maswanganyi had followed improper procedure in employing about 200 community development workers.