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Johannes Ruysch
Johannes Ruysch (c. 1470–1533) was a Dutch cartographer, explorer, painter, and Benedictine monk from Utrecht. He is best known for creating one of the earliest printed maps to depict portions of the New World in his 1508 world map included in an edition of Ptolemy's Geography.
Born into a noble family, the lords of the dominion of Pijlsweerd, Ruysch studied at the University of Cologne from 1486 to 1489 and then was ordained as a priest and joined the Benedictine cloister of Gross Saint Martin in Cologne. There he worked as a scribe and miniaturist until around 1500. Afterwards he left for Rome, where pope Julius II gave him a dispensation concerning his priestly occupation. He presumably made his world map there in 1507, appears on payrolls in 1508 and 1509 and seems to have specialized in decorative painting. He is thought to be the “Fleming called John”, a close friend of Raphael who at one point resided with him. It has been suggested that he assisted and advised Raphael on his 1509–1510 “Astronomia” and other frescoes in the Stanza della segnatura.
It is thought that he may have accompanied an early English or Portuguese voyage to North America in the early 1500s. Soon he left for Rome, where pope Julius II gave him a dispensation concerning his priestly occupation. He presumably made his world map there in 1507, appears on payrolls in 1508 and 1509 and seems to have specialized in decorative painting. He is thought to be the “Fleming called John”, a close friend of Raphael who at one point resided with him. It has been suggested that he assisted and advised Raphael on his 1509–1510 “Astronomia” and other frescoes in the Stanza della segnatura. Not long after, Ruysch went to work at the Portuguese court as cartographer and astronomer, presumably by recommendation of Julius II who was friends with Manuel I of Portugal. Later, he returned to the St. Martin monastery, suffering from consumption, but able to create a, now lost, astronomical wall painting illustrating the days, months (phases of the Moon), and constellations. He is said to have died at considerable age in 1533 at the monastery, where he had a room adjacent to the library.
Ruysch is chiefly known for his world map of 1507, published in the Rome editions of Ptolemy's Geographia in 1507 and 1508.[citation needed] The map is among the earliest printed representations to incorporate geographical information about lands encountered in the western Atlantic following late 15th-century voyages.[citation needed]
The map reflects contemporary geographical knowledge derived from the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot, as well as information from Portuguese sources and the travel accounts of Marco Polo.[citation needed]
This situation changed drastically from 1506 to 1507 when three separate efforts to produce world maps were published. The Contarini-Rosselli map of 1506 (now in the British Library) and Martin Waldseemüller's map of the world and globe of 1507 were very influential, but not very widely published. There is only one original copy of each in existence, and both of these copies were discovered in the 20th century. By contrast, Johannes Ruysch's 1507 map of the world was much more widely published and many copies were produced and still exist. It therefore had a very large influence.
Ruysch's 1507 map of the world was included in the 1507 and 1508 southern editions of Ptolemy's Geographia, an atlas published in Rome. The editor of the 1507 edition of the Geographia was Evangelista Tosinus, a humanist scholar, and the printer was Bernardinus Venetus de Vitalibus, a Venetian printer active in Rome.[citation needed] Because it appeared in printed editions of Ptolemy, the map circulated more widely than many other early sixteenth-century world maps and is among the earliest widely distributed printed maps to incorporate geographical knowledge from the transatlantic voyages of the late 15th century.
The Ruysch map is drawn using the same method for showing the world as the Contarini-Rosselli map, based on an earlier system developed by Ptolemy. It draws on information from the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot, as well as material from Portuguese sources and from Marco Polo's account of his travels.[citation needed] Some notes on the map appear to come directly from Portuguese geographical knowledge.[citation needed]
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Johannes Ruysch
Johannes Ruysch (c. 1470–1533) was a Dutch cartographer, explorer, painter, and Benedictine monk from Utrecht. He is best known for creating one of the earliest printed maps to depict portions of the New World in his 1508 world map included in an edition of Ptolemy's Geography.
Born into a noble family, the lords of the dominion of Pijlsweerd, Ruysch studied at the University of Cologne from 1486 to 1489 and then was ordained as a priest and joined the Benedictine cloister of Gross Saint Martin in Cologne. There he worked as a scribe and miniaturist until around 1500. Afterwards he left for Rome, where pope Julius II gave him a dispensation concerning his priestly occupation. He presumably made his world map there in 1507, appears on payrolls in 1508 and 1509 and seems to have specialized in decorative painting. He is thought to be the “Fleming called John”, a close friend of Raphael who at one point resided with him. It has been suggested that he assisted and advised Raphael on his 1509–1510 “Astronomia” and other frescoes in the Stanza della segnatura.
It is thought that he may have accompanied an early English or Portuguese voyage to North America in the early 1500s. Soon he left for Rome, where pope Julius II gave him a dispensation concerning his priestly occupation. He presumably made his world map there in 1507, appears on payrolls in 1508 and 1509 and seems to have specialized in decorative painting. He is thought to be the “Fleming called John”, a close friend of Raphael who at one point resided with him. It has been suggested that he assisted and advised Raphael on his 1509–1510 “Astronomia” and other frescoes in the Stanza della segnatura. Not long after, Ruysch went to work at the Portuguese court as cartographer and astronomer, presumably by recommendation of Julius II who was friends with Manuel I of Portugal. Later, he returned to the St. Martin monastery, suffering from consumption, but able to create a, now lost, astronomical wall painting illustrating the days, months (phases of the Moon), and constellations. He is said to have died at considerable age in 1533 at the monastery, where he had a room adjacent to the library.
Ruysch is chiefly known for his world map of 1507, published in the Rome editions of Ptolemy's Geographia in 1507 and 1508.[citation needed] The map is among the earliest printed representations to incorporate geographical information about lands encountered in the western Atlantic following late 15th-century voyages.[citation needed]
The map reflects contemporary geographical knowledge derived from the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot, as well as information from Portuguese sources and the travel accounts of Marco Polo.[citation needed]
This situation changed drastically from 1506 to 1507 when three separate efforts to produce world maps were published. The Contarini-Rosselli map of 1506 (now in the British Library) and Martin Waldseemüller's map of the world and globe of 1507 were very influential, but not very widely published. There is only one original copy of each in existence, and both of these copies were discovered in the 20th century. By contrast, Johannes Ruysch's 1507 map of the world was much more widely published and many copies were produced and still exist. It therefore had a very large influence.
Ruysch's 1507 map of the world was included in the 1507 and 1508 southern editions of Ptolemy's Geographia, an atlas published in Rome. The editor of the 1507 edition of the Geographia was Evangelista Tosinus, a humanist scholar, and the printer was Bernardinus Venetus de Vitalibus, a Venetian printer active in Rome.[citation needed] Because it appeared in printed editions of Ptolemy, the map circulated more widely than many other early sixteenth-century world maps and is among the earliest widely distributed printed maps to incorporate geographical knowledge from the transatlantic voyages of the late 15th century.
The Ruysch map is drawn using the same method for showing the world as the Contarini-Rosselli map, based on an earlier system developed by Ptolemy. It draws on information from the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot, as well as material from Portuguese sources and from Marco Polo's account of his travels.[citation needed] Some notes on the map appear to come directly from Portuguese geographical knowledge.[citation needed]