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Josefa Llanes Escoda
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Josefa Llanes Escoda
Josefa Madamba Llanes Escoda (born Josefa Llanes y Madamba; 20 September 1898 – 6 January 1945) was a Filipino teacher and social worker known for her role in the establishment of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines and campaigns for women's suffrage.
After receiving a high school teacher's certificate from the University of the Philippines in 1922, she became a social worker for the American Red Cross in the Philippines and received a scholarship to study in the United States. She received her master's degree in 1925 and continued her social work in the Philippines the following year. She held various teaching positions in universities and social work positions related to healthcare.
She became the president of the National Federation of Women's Clubs from 1941 to 1944. During the Second World War, she led the provision of relief to POWs. However, she was arrested on 27 August 1944 and was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. She was last seen alive on 6 January 1945.
Together with José Abad Santos and Vicente Lim, she is depicted on the Philippine one thousand-peso banknote as Filipinos who died resisting the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. She is recognized as the "Florence Nightingale" of the Philippines for her social work, campaigns for women's suffrage, and role in forming the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
Escoda was born in Dingras, Ilocos Norte as Josefa Llanes y Madamba. She was the eldest of the seven children of Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. Josefa's siblings were Florencio, Luisa, Elvira, Rosario, Purita, and Eufrocina. Josefa's nickname was Pepa as a child.
Josefa graduated as valedictorian in grade school from Dingras Elementary School and as salutatorian from her provincial high school in Laoag, Ilocos Norte. She went to Philippine Normal School in Manila to earn her teaching degree and graduated with honors in 1918. While working as a teacher, she earned a high school teacher's certificate from the University of the Philippines in 1922.
Her father, Gabriel Llanes, died in 1918 due to an influenza epidemic in the Philippines.
After obtaining her teacher's certificate, she became a social worker for the Philippine Chapter of the American Red Cross. The Red Cross granted her a scholarship as a pensionada to the United States in 1922 through a recommendation from Josefa Jara Martinez. She studied at the New York School of Social Work and earned a master's degree in social work from Columbia University in 1925. Josefa was one of the incorporators of the National Federation of Women's Clubs (NFWC) in 1921 and was assistant treasurer of the organization until 1922. She held a position in the NFWC as executive secretary in 1932, and as president from 1941 until her death in 1945. Josefa Escoda succeeded Pilar Hidalgo-Lim as the president of the NFWC in 1941 and was succeeded by Trinidad Legarda.
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Josefa Llanes Escoda
Josefa Madamba Llanes Escoda (born Josefa Llanes y Madamba; 20 September 1898 – 6 January 1945) was a Filipino teacher and social worker known for her role in the establishment of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines and campaigns for women's suffrage.
After receiving a high school teacher's certificate from the University of the Philippines in 1922, she became a social worker for the American Red Cross in the Philippines and received a scholarship to study in the United States. She received her master's degree in 1925 and continued her social work in the Philippines the following year. She held various teaching positions in universities and social work positions related to healthcare.
She became the president of the National Federation of Women's Clubs from 1941 to 1944. During the Second World War, she led the provision of relief to POWs. However, she was arrested on 27 August 1944 and was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. She was last seen alive on 6 January 1945.
Together with José Abad Santos and Vicente Lim, she is depicted on the Philippine one thousand-peso banknote as Filipinos who died resisting the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. She is recognized as the "Florence Nightingale" of the Philippines for her social work, campaigns for women's suffrage, and role in forming the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
Escoda was born in Dingras, Ilocos Norte as Josefa Llanes y Madamba. She was the eldest of the seven children of Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. Josefa's siblings were Florencio, Luisa, Elvira, Rosario, Purita, and Eufrocina. Josefa's nickname was Pepa as a child.
Josefa graduated as valedictorian in grade school from Dingras Elementary School and as salutatorian from her provincial high school in Laoag, Ilocos Norte. She went to Philippine Normal School in Manila to earn her teaching degree and graduated with honors in 1918. While working as a teacher, she earned a high school teacher's certificate from the University of the Philippines in 1922.
Her father, Gabriel Llanes, died in 1918 due to an influenza epidemic in the Philippines.
After obtaining her teacher's certificate, she became a social worker for the Philippine Chapter of the American Red Cross. The Red Cross granted her a scholarship as a pensionada to the United States in 1922 through a recommendation from Josefa Jara Martinez. She studied at the New York School of Social Work and earned a master's degree in social work from Columbia University in 1925. Josefa was one of the incorporators of the National Federation of Women's Clubs (NFWC) in 1921 and was assistant treasurer of the organization until 1922. She held a position in the NFWC as executive secretary in 1932, and as president from 1941 until her death in 1945. Josefa Escoda succeeded Pilar Hidalgo-Lim as the president of the NFWC in 1941 and was succeeded by Trinidad Legarda.
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