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Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Joseph Colt Bloodgood (November 1, 1867 – October 22, 1935) was a prominent surgeon in the United States based in Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He was known for insisting on the use of rubber gloves by the entire surgical team, for advances in methods of identifying and treating benign and malignant cancers, particularly breast and bone cancers, and for advocating education of the public so they would seek routine medical examinations, even before any signs of cancer appeared.
Joseph Colt Bloodgood was born on November 1, 1867, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, son of Francis Bloodgood and Josephine Colt. He was a descendant of Frans Bloetgoet, a Dutch emigrant who had moved to Flushing, Long Island in 1658.[citation needed] His father and uncles were successful lawyers in Wisconsin. His brothers Francis Bloodgood Jr. and Wheeler Peckham Bloodgood were both to become prominent lawyers. He attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1888. His science studies were in histology and embryology, and included making histological sections of tissues for study under the microscope. He went on to the University of Pennsylvania, gaining an M.D. in 1891.
From 1891 to 1892 Bloodgood was resident physician at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Between June and November 1892 he was Assistant Resident Surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. His first mentor in medical studies in Philadelphia, the eminent Canadian physician William Osler, helped him obtain this position. After six months in this position he was sent to Europe for a year for further studies. He visited the main European centers of surgery and pathology, and met the pathologists Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen and Theodor Billroth.
Bloodgood became Resident Surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital when he returned in 1893. He worked under Dr. William Stewart Halsted, a pioneer in surgical techniques in the United States, who greatly influenced his thinking. In 1897 he was appointed chief assistant to Halsted and was given the task of setting up the Surgical Pathology department at Johns Hopkins and teaching this subject. He remained at Johns Hopkins throughout the remainder of his life. He was Associate Professor of Surgery from 1903 to 1914, Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery from 1914 to 1927 and Clinical Professor of Surgery from 1927 until 1935.
In 1906 Bloodgood was appointed Chief of the Medical Staff at Saint Agnes Sanitarium in Baltimore, which was converted into the Saint Agnes Hospital, a general hospital. He retained this position until his death in 1935. At Saint Agnes he introduced the Intern Education Program, a surgical residency based on the program Halstead had established at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was a founder of the American Society for the Control of Cancer and the American Association for the Study of Neoplastic Diseases. He founded the Amanda Sims Memorial Fund in 1930 with the goal of raising women's awareness of cervical cancer. He also became Director of the Garvan Research Laboratory and of the James Colt Bloodgood Cancer Research Fund.
On September 1, 1908, Bloodgood married Edith Holt, daughter of the publisher Henry Holt. They had two children, Joseph and Winnifred. In 1905 Edith and her sister Winifred Holt had co-founded the New York Association for the Blind, later to grow into Lighthouse International. Edith continued to be active with this charity, which provided the opportunity for blind people to do useful work. In response to critics she wrote "Some went as far as to say that it would be cruel to add to the burden of infirmity the burden of labor, as if to be without work were not the heaviest burden mortal could be called upon to endure."
Dr. Joseph Colt Bloodgood died on October 22, 1935, at his home at 44 Warrentown Road in Baltimore. He was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore. His sudden death was caused by coronary thrombosis.
As a resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Bloodgood was aware of the introduction of rubber gloves in the operating room by nurse Caroline Hampton working with surgeon William Stewart Halsted. Ten years later, in 1899, Bloodgood published results showing that use of rubber gloves during surgery reduced postsurgical infection rates from 17% to less than 2%, a staggering effect. Bloodgood became the first surgeon to demand that everyone involved in an operation wear rubber gloves.
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Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Joseph Colt Bloodgood (November 1, 1867 – October 22, 1935) was a prominent surgeon in the United States based in Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He was known for insisting on the use of rubber gloves by the entire surgical team, for advances in methods of identifying and treating benign and malignant cancers, particularly breast and bone cancers, and for advocating education of the public so they would seek routine medical examinations, even before any signs of cancer appeared.
Joseph Colt Bloodgood was born on November 1, 1867, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, son of Francis Bloodgood and Josephine Colt. He was a descendant of Frans Bloetgoet, a Dutch emigrant who had moved to Flushing, Long Island in 1658.[citation needed] His father and uncles were successful lawyers in Wisconsin. His brothers Francis Bloodgood Jr. and Wheeler Peckham Bloodgood were both to become prominent lawyers. He attended the University of Wisconsin, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1888. His science studies were in histology and embryology, and included making histological sections of tissues for study under the microscope. He went on to the University of Pennsylvania, gaining an M.D. in 1891.
From 1891 to 1892 Bloodgood was resident physician at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Between June and November 1892 he was Assistant Resident Surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. His first mentor in medical studies in Philadelphia, the eminent Canadian physician William Osler, helped him obtain this position. After six months in this position he was sent to Europe for a year for further studies. He visited the main European centers of surgery and pathology, and met the pathologists Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen and Theodor Billroth.
Bloodgood became Resident Surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital when he returned in 1893. He worked under Dr. William Stewart Halsted, a pioneer in surgical techniques in the United States, who greatly influenced his thinking. In 1897 he was appointed chief assistant to Halsted and was given the task of setting up the Surgical Pathology department at Johns Hopkins and teaching this subject. He remained at Johns Hopkins throughout the remainder of his life. He was Associate Professor of Surgery from 1903 to 1914, Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery from 1914 to 1927 and Clinical Professor of Surgery from 1927 until 1935.
In 1906 Bloodgood was appointed Chief of the Medical Staff at Saint Agnes Sanitarium in Baltimore, which was converted into the Saint Agnes Hospital, a general hospital. He retained this position until his death in 1935. At Saint Agnes he introduced the Intern Education Program, a surgical residency based on the program Halstead had established at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was a founder of the American Society for the Control of Cancer and the American Association for the Study of Neoplastic Diseases. He founded the Amanda Sims Memorial Fund in 1930 with the goal of raising women's awareness of cervical cancer. He also became Director of the Garvan Research Laboratory and of the James Colt Bloodgood Cancer Research Fund.
On September 1, 1908, Bloodgood married Edith Holt, daughter of the publisher Henry Holt. They had two children, Joseph and Winnifred. In 1905 Edith and her sister Winifred Holt had co-founded the New York Association for the Blind, later to grow into Lighthouse International. Edith continued to be active with this charity, which provided the opportunity for blind people to do useful work. In response to critics she wrote "Some went as far as to say that it would be cruel to add to the burden of infirmity the burden of labor, as if to be without work were not the heaviest burden mortal could be called upon to endure."
Dr. Joseph Colt Bloodgood died on October 22, 1935, at his home at 44 Warrentown Road in Baltimore. He was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore. His sudden death was caused by coronary thrombosis.
As a resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Bloodgood was aware of the introduction of rubber gloves in the operating room by nurse Caroline Hampton working with surgeon William Stewart Halsted. Ten years later, in 1899, Bloodgood published results showing that use of rubber gloves during surgery reduced postsurgical infection rates from 17% to less than 2%, a staggering effect. Bloodgood became the first surgeon to demand that everyone involved in an operation wear rubber gloves.