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Jupiter analogue

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Jupiter analogue

Jupiter analogues, also known as Jupiter-like planets, are exoplanets that are similar to the planet Jupiter, the fifth and largest planet in the Solar System. They are often defined as planets that has at least 1 Jupiter mass or larger and orbits its host star at a distance 3 to 12 astronomical units (AU), roughly one to a few times that of the systems snow line. The lower limit of mass for Jupiter-like planets is not well defined as it can be as low of 0.8-0.3 Jupiter masses to include planets like Saturn.

While the exact formation of Jupiter-like exoplanets are not known, models of gas giant planet formation predict that Jupiter-like planets should easily form around stars similar to the Sun through core-accretion mechanisms. This therefore should make planets similar to Jupiter a common occurrence in the universe with roughly 6-20% of Sun-like stars having Jupiter-like planets. But this number varies from low rates like 6.9% to higher rates like 25%.[clarification needed] It has been found that Jupiter analogues are very rare in mid to late type M-dwarf stars with 0.1-0.3 solar masses. There has been some detections of Jupiter-like planets around red dwarf stars such as TOI-4860b with 0.67 Jupiter masses.

The time it takes for form Jupiter-like planets is typically 3-5 million years but some estimates place the formation of Jupiter-like exoplanets to around 1-2 million years.

Jupiter has played a major role in the evolution of the Solar System, determining much of its structure and the configuration of Solar System bodies. It is likely that Jupiter-like exoplanets play a similar role in their systems.

With their common occurrence and their increased chance of detection, there are many exoplanets discovered that have been classed as Jupiter analogues.[citation needed]

The nearby exoplanet Epsilon Eridani b, 10.5 light-years away, has been described as "a remarkably close analog to our own planet Jupiter" and "one of the closest analogs to a Solar System planet yet detected around a nearby star". Kepler-167e is an exoplanet orbiting the K-type main sequence star Kepler-167. Its mass and radius is very similar to Jupiter with about 1 Jupiter mass and 0.9 Jupiter radii. Around the young F-type main sequence star 51 Eridani, there is a Jupiter-like planet named 51 Eridani b. This exoplanet has been directly imaged.

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