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KAT5
Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KAT5 gene. It is also commonly identified as TIP60.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and was originally isolated as an HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. This protein is a histone acetylase that has a role in DNA repair and apoptosis and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.
The structure of KAT5 includes an acetyl CoA binding domain and a zinc finger in the MYST domain, and a CHROMO domain. Excess acetyl CoA is necessary for acetylation of histones. The zinc finger domain has been shown to aid in the acetylation process as well. The CHROMO domain aids in KAT5 ability to bind chromatin, which is important for DNA repair.
KAT5 enzyme is known for acetylating histones in the nucleosome, which alters binding with DNA. Acetylation neutralizes the positive charge on histones, decreasing binding affinity of negatively charged DNA. This in turn decreases steric hindrance of DNA and increases interaction of transcription factors and other proteins. Three key functions of KAT5 are its ability to regulate transcription, DNA repair, and apoptosis.
Transcription factors such as E2F proteins and c-Myc can regulate the expression of proteins, particularly those involved with the cell cycle. KAT5 acetylates histones on genes of these transcription factors, which promote their activity.
KAT5 is an important enzyme for repairing DNA and returning cellular function to normal through its regulation of ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) protein kinase. ATM protein kinase phosphorylates and therefore activates proteins involved in DNA repair. However, to be functional, ATM protein kinase must be acetylated by the KAT5 protein. Lack of KAT5 suppresses ATM protein kinase activity and reduces the ability of a cell to correct its DNA.
KAT5 also works later in the DNA repair process, as it serves as a cofactor for TRRAP. TRRAP enhances DNA remodeling by binding to chromatin near broken double stranded DNA sequences. KAT5 aids this recognition.
P53 is well known for causing cell apoptosis after DNA damage. Acetylation of p53 by KAT5 induces this cell death. Therefore, lack of KAT5 allows cells with damaged DNA to avoid apoptosis and continue dividing.
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KAT5
Histone acetyltransferase KAT5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KAT5 gene. It is also commonly identified as TIP60.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and was originally isolated as an HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. This protein is a histone acetylase that has a role in DNA repair and apoptosis and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.
The structure of KAT5 includes an acetyl CoA binding domain and a zinc finger in the MYST domain, and a CHROMO domain. Excess acetyl CoA is necessary for acetylation of histones. The zinc finger domain has been shown to aid in the acetylation process as well. The CHROMO domain aids in KAT5 ability to bind chromatin, which is important for DNA repair.
KAT5 enzyme is known for acetylating histones in the nucleosome, which alters binding with DNA. Acetylation neutralizes the positive charge on histones, decreasing binding affinity of negatively charged DNA. This in turn decreases steric hindrance of DNA and increases interaction of transcription factors and other proteins. Three key functions of KAT5 are its ability to regulate transcription, DNA repair, and apoptosis.
Transcription factors such as E2F proteins and c-Myc can regulate the expression of proteins, particularly those involved with the cell cycle. KAT5 acetylates histones on genes of these transcription factors, which promote their activity.
KAT5 is an important enzyme for repairing DNA and returning cellular function to normal through its regulation of ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) protein kinase. ATM protein kinase phosphorylates and therefore activates proteins involved in DNA repair. However, to be functional, ATM protein kinase must be acetylated by the KAT5 protein. Lack of KAT5 suppresses ATM protein kinase activity and reduces the ability of a cell to correct its DNA.
KAT5 also works later in the DNA repair process, as it serves as a cofactor for TRRAP. TRRAP enhances DNA remodeling by binding to chromatin near broken double stranded DNA sequences. KAT5 aids this recognition.
P53 is well known for causing cell apoptosis after DNA damage. Acetylation of p53 by KAT5 induces this cell death. Therefore, lack of KAT5 allows cells with damaged DNA to avoid apoptosis and continue dividing.