The Kamein (Burmese: ကမန်လူမျိုး), also known as the Kaman (ကမန်), are a Southeast Asian ethnic group indigenous to Rakhine State, Myanmar, where they primarily reside, and who predominantly follow Islam. The name Kaman comes from Persian, meaning "bow". The Kaman are formally recognized by the Burmese government and classified as one of the seven ethnic groups composing the Rakhine national race. The Kaman are considered indigenous and are widely acknowledged as Burmese citizens who hold national identity cards. The Kaman speak Rakhine, and their customs and dress are similar to those of the Rakhine, in contrast to other Muslim groups in Rakhine State and the rest of Myanmar.

Approximately 28,000 of the 50,000 Kaman in Myanmar live in Rakhine State.

Kaman is a term that has been used since the days of the Rakhine kings to refer to the archers of the Rakhine Royal Army. According to researchers and ethnographic studies, the word Kaman originated from the Persian word for "bow," meaning "skilled in bow and arrow" or "archer." In the Ministry of Education's distance education syllabus (Ma-412) for final-year compulsory Myanmar teaching of the "Rakhine Princess Lyric," the word Kaman is defined in line 33 as soldiers who were experts in archery and served in the Royal army of the Rakhine kingdom.

As the Kaman people were proficient in archery and demonstrated mental acuity and martial prowess, they held prestigious positions in the Rakhine Royal army. The archer division was named the Kaman Archers. Many historical documents about the Kaman state that only Rakhine indigenous people were allowed to serve in the Royal army, meaning that foreigners were not permitted to join. Given the above, it can be concluded that the present-day Kaman people are not outsiders but descendants of the Kaman archers of the ancient Rakhine Kingdom.

Historically, Kaman was not the name of a specific ethnic group, but rather the designation for the Rakhine Royal archer regiment. After the fall of the Rakhine Kingdom, the archers remained in groups, and their descendants are the present-day Kaman people of the Rakhine region. During the reign of King Ba Saw Pru, the royal court poet Adu Min Nyo referred to the Kaman in his verse of the "Rakhine Princess Lyric" (lines 33–34) as the brave archers of the Rakhine Kingdom.

The Kaman, one of the Rakhine ethnic groups, is also mentioned in the New Dannyawadi History by the venerable monk U Nyar Na. Furthermore, the traditions and cultural behaviors of the Kaman people are nearly identical to those of the Rakhine, as noted in the book Indigenous People of Rakhine State by journalist-turned-politician (ex-State Council member) U Hla Tun Pru.

For example, during Thingyan, the water festival, and Myanmar New Year's Eve, there was an old Kaman tradition of shampooing children, making charitable contributions by donating lakes for the convenience of water fetching, and building rest shelters for travelers. The Kaman also practiced monogamy, and prior to marriage, they would consult astrology to check the fate of the bride and groom and select an auspicious wedding date, a custom also practiced by the Rakhine people. Even today, the Kaman speak the Rakhine language, wear Rakhine-style clothing, and live peacefully alongside the majority Rakhine population.

It is not accurate to state that the term Kaman was introduced after the arrival of the Indian royal prince Shah Shuja and his entourage to the Rakhine Kingdom in AD 1234. The Kaman had already settled in Rakhine before AD 1234. Kaman archers served in the Rakhine Royal army during the reigns of kings such as Nga Hnalone Min (1234–1247), Alawma Pyu Min (1250), Narameik Hla (alias) Min Saw Mon (1404–1434), Ba Saw Pru (1459–1482), Min Ba Gyi (alias) Min Bin Gyi (1531–1553), Thadoe Thudama Raza (alias) Min Raza Gyi (1593–1612), Thiri Thudama Raza (alias) Min Khari (1622–1638), Sandha Thudama Raza (1652–1684), Sandha Wizaya Raza (1710–1731), and many others who reigned before AD 1234.