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Kasman Singodimedjo
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Kasman Singodimedjo
Kasman Singodimedjo (25 February 1904 – 25 October 1982) was an Indonesian nationalist, politician, and National Hero who served as the second Attorney General of Indonesia between November 1945 and May 1946, and as the first chairman of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) in 1945.
Born near Purworejo to a Muslim family, Kasman was educated in colonial schools before enrolling at the STOVIA medical school and the Batavia Law School. Graduating from the latter, he worked as a teacher before joining the Japanese PETA militia during the Japanese occupation period. He then participated in the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, lobbying other Muslim leaders to compromise in favor of national unity. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in August 1945, he served as chairman of KNIP for two months before joining Masyumi and being appointed attorney general in November.
After the end of the revolution, Kasman became a legislator and participated in the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia in the 1950s where he endorsed Islam as the basis of the Indonesian state. He was then arrested for supporting Masyumi leaders involved in the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia and imprisoned, with another imprisonment in 1963 under charges of conspiracy against the state. After his release, he became a supporter of the Indonesian Muslims' Party and its successor the United Development Party. Shortly before his death in 1982, Kasman would take part in petitions criticizing Suharto's government. He was made a National Hero in 2018.
Kasman was born near the town of Purworejo, today in Central Java, on 25 February 1904. He was the third of seven children, although three of his siblings died in infancy. His father, Singodimedjo (d. 1930), was a local Islamic functionary. He was educated at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (Dutch school for natives), continuing to a Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) middle school and then to the STOVIA medical school in Batavia. During his time at STOVIA's preparatory school, Kasman was elected chairman of the Jong Islamieten Bond, a Muslim youth organization founded in 1925, and he held this position between 1930 and 1935. Kasman had previously made connections at STOVIA to other Islamic organizations such as the Jamiat Kheir and Muhammadiyah, allowing JIB to become part of the growing Islamic political movement.
He did not complete his studies at STOVIA and instead enrolled at the Rechtshogeschool te Batavia (Batavia Law School/RHS), graduating with a law degree in 1934. He continued his education at the RHS until he obtained a doctorate in sociology and economics in 1939. Kasman began to teach at various schools, both those affiliated with the colonial government and with Muhammadiyah, after his graduation from RHS. He also became a leader in the Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia (MIAI) Islamic organization, a federation founded in 1937 of numerous Islamic organizations. He was imprisoned by Dutch authorities for four months after he gave a public speech in May 1940 calling for Indonesian independence, but was released after a defense led by lawyer and fellow nationalist politician Sartono. In 1941, he was working as an agricultural consultant for the colonial government.
Prior to the Japanese invasion and takeover of the Dutch East Indies, the Japanese military had made attempts to form good relations with Muslim leaders. Kasman attended the Islamic World Congress at Tokyo in 1939 as part of his leadership role in MIAI. After the takeover, Kasman was recruited into the occupational militia Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) and was appointed a battalion commander. During this period, Japanese authorities imposed severe restrictions on political activity. While the MIAI had been tolerated initially, its attempt to establish an independent network throughout Indonesia resulted in Japanese authorities legalizing Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, separating MIAI from its largest members. MIAI was disbanded by its chairman Wondoamiseno in 1943. At the time of the surrender of Japan, Kasman was the commander of PETA's Jakarta unit. Nationalist youths had been growing agitated following the spread of the news, intending to proclaim Indonesian independence. They had also made contacts with PETA units and commanders in Jakarta; however, Kasman was in Bandung at the time. Due to his absence, PETA in Jakarta did not take any action against or in aid of the youths.
Following the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Kasman along with several Indonesian collaborationist leaders were invited to informally join the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on 18 August, where Kasman and the others' positions were attacked by nationalist youths who considered them too close to the Japanese. On the same day, his lobbying of hardline Muslims such as Bagoes Hadikoesoemo allowed the revocation of a clause implementing sharia law to Muslims in the country. Although Kasman supported the clause, he believed that it was more crucial at that time to create national unity, and intended to implement the clause back into law at a later time upon the formation of a national parliament which was expected to convene in six months. The following day, the leaders formally requested the dissolution of PETA, although Kasman was appointed into a planning committee for an Indonesian national defence force.
After PPKI's dissolution, the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was formed on 29 August 1945 with Kasman as chairman. In the KNIP's second plenary session on 16–17 October, Kasman was criticized for inaction by representatives of nationalist youths. He was also accused of allowing soldiers under his command to be disarmed by Japanese troops while he commanded PETA in Jakarta. In contrast, according to fellow PETA officer Abdul Haris Nasution, Kasman had spoken to other PETA officers on 16 August and instructed them not to disarm. Kasman was removed from his chairmanship on 16 October, with Adam Malik temporarily taking his seat until Sutan Sjahrir was elected the following day. In November 1945, following the formation of the Masyumi political party, Kasman was appointed as a deputy chairman in its inaugural leadership.
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Kasman Singodimedjo
Kasman Singodimedjo (25 February 1904 – 25 October 1982) was an Indonesian nationalist, politician, and National Hero who served as the second Attorney General of Indonesia between November 1945 and May 1946, and as the first chairman of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) in 1945.
Born near Purworejo to a Muslim family, Kasman was educated in colonial schools before enrolling at the STOVIA medical school and the Batavia Law School. Graduating from the latter, he worked as a teacher before joining the Japanese PETA militia during the Japanese occupation period. He then participated in the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, lobbying other Muslim leaders to compromise in favor of national unity. After the proclamation of Indonesian independence in August 1945, he served as chairman of KNIP for two months before joining Masyumi and being appointed attorney general in November.
After the end of the revolution, Kasman became a legislator and participated in the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia in the 1950s where he endorsed Islam as the basis of the Indonesian state. He was then arrested for supporting Masyumi leaders involved in the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia and imprisoned, with another imprisonment in 1963 under charges of conspiracy against the state. After his release, he became a supporter of the Indonesian Muslims' Party and its successor the United Development Party. Shortly before his death in 1982, Kasman would take part in petitions criticizing Suharto's government. He was made a National Hero in 2018.
Kasman was born near the town of Purworejo, today in Central Java, on 25 February 1904. He was the third of seven children, although three of his siblings died in infancy. His father, Singodimedjo (d. 1930), was a local Islamic functionary. He was educated at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (Dutch school for natives), continuing to a Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) middle school and then to the STOVIA medical school in Batavia. During his time at STOVIA's preparatory school, Kasman was elected chairman of the Jong Islamieten Bond, a Muslim youth organization founded in 1925, and he held this position between 1930 and 1935. Kasman had previously made connections at STOVIA to other Islamic organizations such as the Jamiat Kheir and Muhammadiyah, allowing JIB to become part of the growing Islamic political movement.
He did not complete his studies at STOVIA and instead enrolled at the Rechtshogeschool te Batavia (Batavia Law School/RHS), graduating with a law degree in 1934. He continued his education at the RHS until he obtained a doctorate in sociology and economics in 1939. Kasman began to teach at various schools, both those affiliated with the colonial government and with Muhammadiyah, after his graduation from RHS. He also became a leader in the Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia (MIAI) Islamic organization, a federation founded in 1937 of numerous Islamic organizations. He was imprisoned by Dutch authorities for four months after he gave a public speech in May 1940 calling for Indonesian independence, but was released after a defense led by lawyer and fellow nationalist politician Sartono. In 1941, he was working as an agricultural consultant for the colonial government.
Prior to the Japanese invasion and takeover of the Dutch East Indies, the Japanese military had made attempts to form good relations with Muslim leaders. Kasman attended the Islamic World Congress at Tokyo in 1939 as part of his leadership role in MIAI. After the takeover, Kasman was recruited into the occupational militia Pembela Tanah Air (PETA) and was appointed a battalion commander. During this period, Japanese authorities imposed severe restrictions on political activity. While the MIAI had been tolerated initially, its attempt to establish an independent network throughout Indonesia resulted in Japanese authorities legalizing Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, separating MIAI from its largest members. MIAI was disbanded by its chairman Wondoamiseno in 1943. At the time of the surrender of Japan, Kasman was the commander of PETA's Jakarta unit. Nationalist youths had been growing agitated following the spread of the news, intending to proclaim Indonesian independence. They had also made contacts with PETA units and commanders in Jakarta; however, Kasman was in Bandung at the time. Due to his absence, PETA in Jakarta did not take any action against or in aid of the youths.
Following the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Kasman along with several Indonesian collaborationist leaders were invited to informally join the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on 18 August, where Kasman and the others' positions were attacked by nationalist youths who considered them too close to the Japanese. On the same day, his lobbying of hardline Muslims such as Bagoes Hadikoesoemo allowed the revocation of a clause implementing sharia law to Muslims in the country. Although Kasman supported the clause, he believed that it was more crucial at that time to create national unity, and intended to implement the clause back into law at a later time upon the formation of a national parliament which was expected to convene in six months. The following day, the leaders formally requested the dissolution of PETA, although Kasman was appointed into a planning committee for an Indonesian national defence force.
After PPKI's dissolution, the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was formed on 29 August 1945 with Kasman as chairman. In the KNIP's second plenary session on 16–17 October, Kasman was criticized for inaction by representatives of nationalist youths. He was also accused of allowing soldiers under his command to be disarmed by Japanese troops while he commanded PETA in Jakarta. In contrast, according to fellow PETA officer Abdul Haris Nasution, Kasman had spoken to other PETA officers on 16 August and instructed them not to disarm. Kasman was removed from his chairmanship on 16 October, with Adam Malik temporarily taking his seat until Sutan Sjahrir was elected the following day. In November 1945, following the formation of the Masyumi political party, Kasman was appointed as a deputy chairman in its inaugural leadership.
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