Kenneth H. Cooper (born March 4, 1931) is an American doctor of medicine and former Air Force lieutenant colonel from Oklahoma, who pioneered the benefits of doing aerobic exercise for maintaining and improving health. In 1966 he coined the term, and his book Aerobics was published in 1968, which emphasized a point system for improving the cardiovascular system. The popular mass market version was The New Aerobics (ISBN 0-553-26874-0), published ten years later.

A further book—with a more comprehensive approach including for example nutrition as well as exercise, The Aerobics Program For Total Well-Being (Bantam Books)—was published in 1982.

Born in Oklahoma City, Cooper completed a 13-year military career in both the army and air force. During his Air Force career, he devised the simple Cooper test, which could conveniently and quickly establish the fitness level of large numbers of people. Originally the distance run in 12 minutes, it correlated well with the existing concept of VO₂ max. Cooper left the Air Force in 1970, when he and his wife, Millie, moved to Dallas to start his companies.

Cooper is the founder of the non-profit research and education organization, The Cooper Institute®, which was opened in 1970. Cooper is also the founder of and Chairman at the Cooper Aerobics Center in Dallas, which comprises eight health and wellness entities.

Cooper developed the Smart Snack Ribbon guidelines in 2003 for the Frito-Lay division of PepsiCo.

Cooper has published 19 books that have sold 30 million copies and been translated into 41 languages. Cooper encouraged millions to become active and helped to launch modern fitness culture. He is known as the "father of aerobics".

He and his wife are parents of a son, Tyler, and daughter, Berkley. Cooper has written about the importance of Christian religious faith in his life.

He graduated from the University of Oklahoma (BS, MD) and the Harvard School of Public Health (MPH).