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Kievan Chronicle
The Kievan Chronicle or Kyivan Chronicle is a chronicle of Kievan Rus'. It was written around 1200 in Vydubychi Monastery as a continuation of the Primary Chronicle. It is known from two manuscripts: a copy in the Hypatian Codex (c. 1425), and a copy in the Khlebnikov Codex (c. 1560s); in both codices, it is sandwiched between the Primary Chronicle and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle. It covers the period from 1118, where the Primary Chronicle ends, until about 1200, although scholars disagree where exactly the Kievan Chronicle ends and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle begins.
When historian Leonid Makhnovets published a modern Ukrainian translation of the entire Hypatian Codex in 1989, he remarked: 'The history of the creation of this early-14th-century chronicle [compilation] is a very complex problem. Equally complex is the question of when and how each part of the chronicle appeared. There is a vast literature on this subject, different views are expressed, and discussions are ongoing'.
Among the sources used by the anonymous chronicler of the Kievan Chronicle were:
There is evidence that a redactor added material from the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle in the 13th century. Because its sources, save for the monastic chronicle, are secular and were probably not written by monks, the Kievan Chronicle is a politico-military narrative of the disintegration of Kievan Rus', in which princes are the main players. It contains a historiographical account of the events celebrated in the epic Tale of Igor's Campaign, in which the basic sequence of events is the same. It also contains a passion narrative of the martyrdom of the prince Igor Olgovich in 1147.
Jaroslaw Pelenski (1987) pointed out that the Kievan Chronicle has a length of 431 columns, describing a period of about 80 years; a much higher information density than the Primary Chronicle, which describes as many as 258 years in only 283 (actually 286) columns. Nevertheless, at the time, the Kievan Chronicle had received far less attention from scholars than the Primary Chronicle. The text of the Kievan Chronicle shows strong similarities with that of the Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle found in the Laurentian Codex and elsewhere, but also some remarkable differences.
Based on the 1661 Paterik of the Kievan Caves Monastery, 17th-century writers started to assert that Nestor wrote many of the surviving chronicles of Kievan Rus', including the Primary Chronicle, the Kievan Chronicle and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, even though many of the events described therein were situated in the entire 12th and 13th century (long after Nestor's death c. 1114). From the 1830s to around 1900, there was fierce academic debate about Nestor's authorship, but the question remained unresolved, and belief in Nestorian authorship had persisted.
Lisa Lynn Heinrich (1977) divided the Kievan Chronicle into the following chapters:
The Kievan Chronicle is a direction continuation of the text of the Primary Chronicle. The original text of the Kievan Chronicle has been lost; the versions preserved in the Hypatian Codex and Khlebnikov Codex are not copied from each other, but share a common ancestor that has (so far) not been found.
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Kievan Chronicle
The Kievan Chronicle or Kyivan Chronicle is a chronicle of Kievan Rus'. It was written around 1200 in Vydubychi Monastery as a continuation of the Primary Chronicle. It is known from two manuscripts: a copy in the Hypatian Codex (c. 1425), and a copy in the Khlebnikov Codex (c. 1560s); in both codices, it is sandwiched between the Primary Chronicle and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle. It covers the period from 1118, where the Primary Chronicle ends, until about 1200, although scholars disagree where exactly the Kievan Chronicle ends and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle begins.
When historian Leonid Makhnovets published a modern Ukrainian translation of the entire Hypatian Codex in 1989, he remarked: 'The history of the creation of this early-14th-century chronicle [compilation] is a very complex problem. Equally complex is the question of when and how each part of the chronicle appeared. There is a vast literature on this subject, different views are expressed, and discussions are ongoing'.
Among the sources used by the anonymous chronicler of the Kievan Chronicle were:
There is evidence that a redactor added material from the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle in the 13th century. Because its sources, save for the monastic chronicle, are secular and were probably not written by monks, the Kievan Chronicle is a politico-military narrative of the disintegration of Kievan Rus', in which princes are the main players. It contains a historiographical account of the events celebrated in the epic Tale of Igor's Campaign, in which the basic sequence of events is the same. It also contains a passion narrative of the martyrdom of the prince Igor Olgovich in 1147.
Jaroslaw Pelenski (1987) pointed out that the Kievan Chronicle has a length of 431 columns, describing a period of about 80 years; a much higher information density than the Primary Chronicle, which describes as many as 258 years in only 283 (actually 286) columns. Nevertheless, at the time, the Kievan Chronicle had received far less attention from scholars than the Primary Chronicle. The text of the Kievan Chronicle shows strong similarities with that of the Suzdal'–Vladimirian Chronicle found in the Laurentian Codex and elsewhere, but also some remarkable differences.
Based on the 1661 Paterik of the Kievan Caves Monastery, 17th-century writers started to assert that Nestor wrote many of the surviving chronicles of Kievan Rus', including the Primary Chronicle, the Kievan Chronicle and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, even though many of the events described therein were situated in the entire 12th and 13th century (long after Nestor's death c. 1114). From the 1830s to around 1900, there was fierce academic debate about Nestor's authorship, but the question remained unresolved, and belief in Nestorian authorship had persisted.
Lisa Lynn Heinrich (1977) divided the Kievan Chronicle into the following chapters:
The Kievan Chronicle is a direction continuation of the text of the Primary Chronicle. The original text of the Kievan Chronicle has been lost; the versions preserved in the Hypatian Codex and Khlebnikov Codex are not copied from each other, but share a common ancestor that has (so far) not been found.