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King Xuan of Zhou
King Xuan of Zhou, personal name Ji Jing, was a king of the Western Zhou dynasty and the penultimate one before the change to the Eastern Zhou period. His reign has been reconstructed to be 827/25 – 782 BC. He worked to restore royal authority after the Gonghe Regency. His son King You would the last king of the Western Zhou.
The Stone Drums of Qin were long mistakenly ascribed to King Xuan.
King Xuan was born in a troublesome time in the Western Zhou dynasty. King Li of Zhou had imposed serious taxes on his people and treated them with contempt. After a period of decadence for the upper-class, the Zhou people rebelled and exiled him to Zhi (彘) for his crimes. Thereafter, Zhou was ruled by a person named Gongbo He (共伯和) in an era called the Gonghe Regency. After King Li died in exile in c. 828 BC, power was passed to King Xuan.
After King Li of Zhou's death, King Xuan sought to rejuvenate the authority of the Zhou royal family. After soliciting advice from the ministry, he launched several campaigns against surrounding tribes, resettled the people, and promoted hunting and music once more. He was particularly inspired by the legacies of King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and King Kang.
The Mao Gong ding, which has one of the longest Chinese bronze inscriptions in history, records King Xuan discussing his anxiety about the then-failing Kingdom of Zhou. Recalling the premierships of Kings Wen and Wu, he saw himself inadequate, and, elevating Duke Yin of Mao to Qing Shi Liao (卿事寮) and Tai Shi Liao (大史寮), ordered the following:
The Guoji Zibai pan records a campaign against the Xianyun along the Luo River. King Xuan had appointed Guoji Zibai (虢季子白), the caster of the pan, to lead the offensive. During this campaign, 50 captives were taken and 500 killed, and thus Guoji Zibai was rewarded with horses and wealth. Classical sources imply that the Xianyun had previously plundered Haojing and eroded at royal authority. Campaigns against Chu were also made due to them not upholding tribute to the king, which resulted in a victory recounted in the Classic of Poetry.
The Song gui records a meeting in which King Xuan ordered an individual named Song (頌) to take control of 20 storehouses in Chengzhou (成周) and manage the development of new ones. Song was awarded with robes and other garments for his efforts.
In the ninth year of King Xuan's reign, he called a meeting of all the lords. In the same year, Duke Wu of Lu paid homage to King Xuan with his sons Kuo (括) and Yi (戲). King Xuan favoured Yi over Kuo, despite him being the younger brother, and desired to make him the crown prince of Lu. Zhong Shanfu advised against this, but was ignored, and Yi was made Duke Yi of Lu. Several years later, Boyu (伯御), the son of Kuo, would kill Duke Yi, leading to a military intervention by King Xuan. Following this, Duke Yi of Lu's younger brother, Cheng (稱), was appointed on the advice of Fan Muzhong (樊穆仲), and made Duke Xiao of Lu. Sima Qian said "from this time on, the many lords mostly rebelled against royal commands," which led to further interventions in Wey and Qi.
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King Xuan of Zhou
King Xuan of Zhou, personal name Ji Jing, was a king of the Western Zhou dynasty and the penultimate one before the change to the Eastern Zhou period. His reign has been reconstructed to be 827/25 – 782 BC. He worked to restore royal authority after the Gonghe Regency. His son King You would the last king of the Western Zhou.
The Stone Drums of Qin were long mistakenly ascribed to King Xuan.
King Xuan was born in a troublesome time in the Western Zhou dynasty. King Li of Zhou had imposed serious taxes on his people and treated them with contempt. After a period of decadence for the upper-class, the Zhou people rebelled and exiled him to Zhi (彘) for his crimes. Thereafter, Zhou was ruled by a person named Gongbo He (共伯和) in an era called the Gonghe Regency. After King Li died in exile in c. 828 BC, power was passed to King Xuan.
After King Li of Zhou's death, King Xuan sought to rejuvenate the authority of the Zhou royal family. After soliciting advice from the ministry, he launched several campaigns against surrounding tribes, resettled the people, and promoted hunting and music once more. He was particularly inspired by the legacies of King Wen, King Wu, King Cheng, and King Kang.
The Mao Gong ding, which has one of the longest Chinese bronze inscriptions in history, records King Xuan discussing his anxiety about the then-failing Kingdom of Zhou. Recalling the premierships of Kings Wen and Wu, he saw himself inadequate, and, elevating Duke Yin of Mao to Qing Shi Liao (卿事寮) and Tai Shi Liao (大史寮), ordered the following:
The Guoji Zibai pan records a campaign against the Xianyun along the Luo River. King Xuan had appointed Guoji Zibai (虢季子白), the caster of the pan, to lead the offensive. During this campaign, 50 captives were taken and 500 killed, and thus Guoji Zibai was rewarded with horses and wealth. Classical sources imply that the Xianyun had previously plundered Haojing and eroded at royal authority. Campaigns against Chu were also made due to them not upholding tribute to the king, which resulted in a victory recounted in the Classic of Poetry.
The Song gui records a meeting in which King Xuan ordered an individual named Song (頌) to take control of 20 storehouses in Chengzhou (成周) and manage the development of new ones. Song was awarded with robes and other garments for his efforts.
In the ninth year of King Xuan's reign, he called a meeting of all the lords. In the same year, Duke Wu of Lu paid homage to King Xuan with his sons Kuo (括) and Yi (戲). King Xuan favoured Yi over Kuo, despite him being the younger brother, and desired to make him the crown prince of Lu. Zhong Shanfu advised against this, but was ignored, and Yi was made Duke Yi of Lu. Several years later, Boyu (伯御), the son of Kuo, would kill Duke Yi, leading to a military intervention by King Xuan. Following this, Duke Yi of Lu's younger brother, Cheng (稱), was appointed on the advice of Fan Muzhong (樊穆仲), and made Duke Xiao of Lu. Sima Qian said "from this time on, the many lords mostly rebelled against royal commands," which led to further interventions in Wey and Qi.