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Lake Mojave

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Lake Mojave

Lake Mojave was an ancient former lake fed by the Mojave River that, through the Holocene, occupied the Silver Lake and Soda Lake basins in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California. Its outlet may have ultimately emptied into the Colorado River north of present-day Blythe.

Lake Mojave existed in what is now San Bernardino County. The city of Las Vegas lies 140 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of the basin. Present-day locations on its shores are Zzyzx and Baker, California.

On the western side, Lake Mojave was bordered by mountains that steeply rise from the basin. The eastern side is more gentle, featuring alluvial fans and pediment. The basin was probably formed by fault activity.

At its maximum stand, Lake Mojave had a surface area of 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) and a volume of 7 cubic kilometres (1.7 cu mi). Lake Mojave had two separate lake level stands, the A stand and the B stand. The A stand lies at an altitude of 287 metres (942 ft) above sea level and the B stand at an altitude of 285.4 metres (936 ft). The lake was about 10 metres (33 ft) deep.

Fifteen alluvial fans abut the shores of Lake Mojave that face the Soda Mountains. A present-day 40 kilometres (25 mi) bay exists on the northwestern side of the Silver Lake basin and includes wavecut terraces and a beach ridge.

Silver Lake and Soda Lake exist today where Lake Mojave formerly existed. Soda Lake slopes to the north and lies at a higher altitude than Silver Lake, thus water tends to fill Soda Lake first, overflowing to Silver Lake only during extreme floods. Beach ridges and shorelines testify to the existence of a past lake in the Silver Lake basin. One major beach ridge complex is named the El Capitan Beach Ridge complex and contains gravel and sand.

Sediments from Lake Mojave and its two successor basins may be part of the sources of sand for the Kelso Dunes. Dating of dune deposition suggests that the deposition events often correspond to times where water levels in Lake Mojave were less stable.

The Mojave River is the principal river reaching the Lake Mojave basin, and the principal river of the Mojave Desert. Presently, a number of springs on the western side of the Lake Mojave basin form small waterbodies. The total watershed area is about 11,860 square kilometres (4,580 sq mi).

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