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Lateran council
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The Lateran councils were ecclesiastical councils or synods of the Catholic Church held at Rome in the Lateran Palace next to the Lateran Basilica. Ranking as a papal cathedral, this became a much-favored place of assembly for ecclesiastical councils both in antiquity (313, 487) and more especially during the Middle Ages.[1]
Prominent synods
[edit]Among these numerous synods the most prominent are five which the tradition of the Catholic Church has classed as ecumenical councils:[1]
- The First Council of the Lateran (1123) followed and confirmed the concordat of Worms.
- The Second Council of the Lateran (1139) declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics by excommunication.
- The Third Council of the Lateran (1179) limited papal electees to the cardinals alone, condemned simony, and forbade the promotion of anyone to the episcopate before the age of thirty.
- The Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215) dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy, and conduct of clergy. It said Jews and Muslims should wear a special dress to distinguish them from Christians.
- The Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512–1517) attempted reform of the church.
A number of non-ecumenical councils were held at the Lateran, including the Lateran Council of 649 against Monothelitism,[2] the Lateran Council of 769 against iconoclasm, and the Lateran Council of 964.
Other noteworthy synods
[edit]- In the synod of 313, Donatism was declared a heresy. This was followed up a year later in the Council of Arles.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Mirbt 1911.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mirbt, Carl Theodor (1911). "Lateran Councils". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 240.
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