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Lega Lombarda
Lega Lombarda (English: Lombard League, LL), whose complete name is Lega Lombarda per Salvini Premier (English: Lombard League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Lombardy since 2020. Along with Liga Veneta, the LL has formed the bulk of the federal party (LN/LSP), which has been led by Lombards since its foundation.
The LL is currently led by Massimiliano Romeo, elected secretary in 2024. Leading members of the party have included Umberto Bossi, Roberto Maroni, Francesco Speroni, Roberto Calderoli, Giancarlo Giorgetti, Roberto Castelli, Matteo Salvini, who has led the federal party since 2013, Gian Marco Centinaio and Attilio Fontana, who has served as president of Lombardy since 2018.
The origins of Lombard identity and Lombard nationalism can be traced in the Duchy of Milan, the Five Days of Milan and the federalist thought of Carlo Cattaneo, even though the Lombard sentiment was often intertwined with Italian nationalism, especially during the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia under the Austrian Empire. Anti-Rome and anti-Italian sentiments grew after World War II.
In 1947 Giulio Bergmann, who would later serve as senator for the Italian Republican Party, launched the Movement for Local Autonomies in the province of Bergamo. In 1956 Guido Calderoli established the Bergamasque Autonomist Movement, which later evolved in the Autonomist Lombard Regional Movement and the Autonomist Padanian Regional Movement, before re-joining Christian Democracy. Calderoli would later form a short-lived Lega Lombarda and the Union of Autonomists of Italy, which obtained 0.06% of the vote in the 1970 regional election.
In the late 1970s Umberto Bossi, a former activist of the Italian Communist Party, emerged as the leading figure of Lombard nationalism. Through contacts with regional nationalist movements and parties, like the Valdostan Union (party leader Bruno Salvadori, who died in a car accident in 1980, was a close friend), the Ossolan Union for Autonomy, the List for Trieste and finally Liga Veneta (LV), Bossi learned about federalism and autonomism. Consequently, he started a series of publications and organisations, notably the Lombard North-Western Union for Autonomy, along with his brother Franco and Roberto Maroni, an activist of Proletarian Democracy. In the 1983 general election Bossi, along with future regional councillor Roberto Bernardelli, stood as candidate for the List of Trieste, with little success, especially if compared with the LV, which obtained one elect to the Chamber of Deputies and one to the Senate, and would have elects also in the 1985 regional election.
On 12 April 1984 the Lega Autonomista Lombarda (Lombard Autonomist League, LAL) was officially established by Bossi, who used the resonance of the name of the historical Lega Lombarda when choosing the name, Giuseppe Leoni, Manuela Marrone (Bossi's future wife), Pierangelo Brivio (Marrone's brother-in-law), Marino Moroni and Emilio Sogliaghi, but not Maroni who had taken a hiatus from politics and would return in 1989. In the 1984 European Parliament election, the LL joined forces with the LV, the Trentino Tyrolean People's Party, the Piedmontese Union and other minor parties, obtaining 0.5% of the vote countrywide and 0.7% in the province of Varese (the LV was stronger than the LL at the time). In the 1985 regional election the LL won 0.5% of the vote.
In 1986 the party took the current name. In the 1987 general election, the LL gained 2.6% of the vote in Lombardy: Bossi was elected to the Senate and Leoni to the Chamber of Deputies.
The party participated in the 1989 European Parliament election as the leading member of the coalition named Lega Lombarda – Alleanza Nord (LL–AN), which included other five regional parties: the LV, Autonomist Piedmont, Ligurian Union, Emilia-Romagna League and Tuscan Alliance. In Lombardy the list obtained 8.1% in Lombardy and two MEPs, Francesco Speroni and Luigi Moretti.
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Lega Lombarda
Lega Lombarda (English: Lombard League, LL), whose complete name is Lega Lombarda per Salvini Premier (English: Lombard League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Lombardy since 2020. Along with Liga Veneta, the LL has formed the bulk of the federal party (LN/LSP), which has been led by Lombards since its foundation.
The LL is currently led by Massimiliano Romeo, elected secretary in 2024. Leading members of the party have included Umberto Bossi, Roberto Maroni, Francesco Speroni, Roberto Calderoli, Giancarlo Giorgetti, Roberto Castelli, Matteo Salvini, who has led the federal party since 2013, Gian Marco Centinaio and Attilio Fontana, who has served as president of Lombardy since 2018.
The origins of Lombard identity and Lombard nationalism can be traced in the Duchy of Milan, the Five Days of Milan and the federalist thought of Carlo Cattaneo, even though the Lombard sentiment was often intertwined with Italian nationalism, especially during the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia under the Austrian Empire. Anti-Rome and anti-Italian sentiments grew after World War II.
In 1947 Giulio Bergmann, who would later serve as senator for the Italian Republican Party, launched the Movement for Local Autonomies in the province of Bergamo. In 1956 Guido Calderoli established the Bergamasque Autonomist Movement, which later evolved in the Autonomist Lombard Regional Movement and the Autonomist Padanian Regional Movement, before re-joining Christian Democracy. Calderoli would later form a short-lived Lega Lombarda and the Union of Autonomists of Italy, which obtained 0.06% of the vote in the 1970 regional election.
In the late 1970s Umberto Bossi, a former activist of the Italian Communist Party, emerged as the leading figure of Lombard nationalism. Through contacts with regional nationalist movements and parties, like the Valdostan Union (party leader Bruno Salvadori, who died in a car accident in 1980, was a close friend), the Ossolan Union for Autonomy, the List for Trieste and finally Liga Veneta (LV), Bossi learned about federalism and autonomism. Consequently, he started a series of publications and organisations, notably the Lombard North-Western Union for Autonomy, along with his brother Franco and Roberto Maroni, an activist of Proletarian Democracy. In the 1983 general election Bossi, along with future regional councillor Roberto Bernardelli, stood as candidate for the List of Trieste, with little success, especially if compared with the LV, which obtained one elect to the Chamber of Deputies and one to the Senate, and would have elects also in the 1985 regional election.
On 12 April 1984 the Lega Autonomista Lombarda (Lombard Autonomist League, LAL) was officially established by Bossi, who used the resonance of the name of the historical Lega Lombarda when choosing the name, Giuseppe Leoni, Manuela Marrone (Bossi's future wife), Pierangelo Brivio (Marrone's brother-in-law), Marino Moroni and Emilio Sogliaghi, but not Maroni who had taken a hiatus from politics and would return in 1989. In the 1984 European Parliament election, the LL joined forces with the LV, the Trentino Tyrolean People's Party, the Piedmontese Union and other minor parties, obtaining 0.5% of the vote countrywide and 0.7% in the province of Varese (the LV was stronger than the LL at the time). In the 1985 regional election the LL won 0.5% of the vote.
In 1986 the party took the current name. In the 1987 general election, the LL gained 2.6% of the vote in Lombardy: Bossi was elected to the Senate and Leoni to the Chamber of Deputies.
The party participated in the 1989 European Parliament election as the leading member of the coalition named Lega Lombarda – Alleanza Nord (LL–AN), which included other five regional parties: the LV, Autonomist Piedmont, Ligurian Union, Emilia-Romagna League and Tuscan Alliance. In Lombardy the list obtained 8.1% in Lombardy and two MEPs, Francesco Speroni and Luigi Moretti.
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