After the fall of Milan, Leonardo returns to Florence and is welcomed back as a respected artist. He seeks new commissions and opportunities.

Leonardo begins painting the "Mona Lisa", one of his most famous and enigmatic works. He works on the portrait for several years, constantly refining and perfecting it. The sitter is believed to be Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine merchant.

The Florentine government commissions Leonardo to paint "The Battle of Anghiari" in the Palazzo Vecchio. This ambitious project is intended to commemorate a Florentine victory. However, the painting is never completed and eventually deteriorates, becoming a lost masterpiece.

Leonardo begins work on "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne". This work occupied his attention for many years, and he continued to refine it throughout his life. It showcases his mastery of composition, anatomy, and sfumato.

Leonardo is consulted on the placement of Michelangelo's "David". His advice reflects his understanding of aesthetics and civic art.

Leonardo leaves Florence to return to Milan, invited by Charles d'Amboise, the French governor. This marks the end of his second Florentine period.