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Line (unit)

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Line (unit)

The line (abbreviated L or l or or lin.) was a small English unit of length, variously reckoned as 110, 112, 116, or 140 of an inch. It was not included among the units defined in the Weights and Measures Act 1824, which established the British Imperial units of measurement system.

The line was not recognized by any statute of the English Parliament but was usually understood as 14 of a barleycorn, (which itself was recognized by statute as 13 of an inch) making it 112 of an inch, and 1144 of a foot. The line was eventually decimalized as 110 of an inch, without recourse to barleycorns.

The US button trade uses the same or a similar term but defined as one-fortieth of the US-customary inch (making a button-maker's line equal to 0.635 mm (0.0250 in)).

Botanists formerly used the unit (usually as 112 inch) to measure the size of plant parts. Linnaeus's Philosophia botanica (1751) includes the Linea in its summary of units of measurements, defining it as Linea una Mensurae parisinae [lit.'One line of the Parisian measure']; Stearns gives its length as 2.25 mm (0.089 in). Even after metrication, British botanists continued to employ tools with gradations marked as linea (lines); the British line is approximately 2.1 mm (0.083 in) and the Paris line approximately 2.3 mm (0.091 in).

Entomologists in the UK and other European countries in the 1800s used lines as a unit of measurement for insects, at least for the relatively large mantids and phasmids. Examples include Westwood, in the UK, and de Haan in the Netherlands.

Gunsmiths and armament companies also employed the 110-inch line (the "decimal line"), in part owing to the importance of the German and Russian arms industries. These are now given in terms of millimeters, but the seemingly arbitrary 7.62 mm (0.30 in) caliber was originally understood as a 3-line caliber (as with the 1891 Mosin–Nagant rifle). The 12.7 mm (0.50 in) caliber used by the M2 Browning machine gun was similarly a 5-line caliber.

Other similar small units called lines include:

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