UFO religions are religious groups that deal with alleged communication between humans and extraterrestrial beings. Some adherents of UFO religions believe that the arrival or rediscovery of alien civilizations, technologies, and spirituality will enable humans to overcome current ecological, spiritual, and social problems. Issues such as hatred, war, bigotry, poverty and so on are said to be resolvable through the use of superior alien technology and spiritual abilities. Such belief systems are also described as millenarian in their outlook. Alien abduction belief can lead to formation of a UFO religion. UFO religions originated with Theosophy, and many UFO religions still have many of the key points associated with Theosophy, such as belief in the same Spiritual Hierarchy. UFO religions can also be comparable to New Age thought. Scholars identify the 1947 Roswell incident as a key event within the history of UFO spirituality.

"I AM" Activity, founded in 1930 by Guy Ballard, is seen, according to one author, as the first UFO Religion, though the Aetherius Society founded by George King has also been given this distinction. Heaven's Gate and Order of the Solar Temple, which both committed mass suicides, are seen as the most controversial of the UFO belief groups. Scientology is seen by scholars as a UFO religion, due to its Xenu cosmogony and the presence of Space opera.