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Liu Tun
Liu Tun (died c.October 311), courtesy name Changsheng, was an official of the Jin dynasty (266–420). During the War of the Eight Princes, he was one of the few ministers entrusted in managing the Eastern Court while Emperor Hui of Jin was kept in Chang'an. After the Disaster of Yongjia, Liu Tun was captured and plotted with the Han-Zhao general, Wang Mi to break away, but was killed by Shi Le not long after. He was also known for holding the office of Colonel-Director of Retainers five times throughout his career.
Liu Tun was the son of the Cao Wei and Western Jin minister, Liu Yi (died 285). His family was from Ye County, Donglai Commandery, and he was a descendant of the Western Han dynasty prince, Liu Zhang. In 280, he entered the government and was appointed an Academician.
In January 283, Emperor Wu of Jin had his brother, the Prince of Qi, Sima You exiled from Luoyang to his fief. He then had his ministers debate on what should be bestowed on his brother for his achievements, during which Liu Tun, along with his fellow academicians, submitted a petition opposing Sima You's banishment. Emperor Wu was furious and had Liu Tun arrested and sent before the Minister of Justice. He was released following a general amnesty but was relieved of his official duties. He was later appointed as the Magistrate of Suanzao and then as an Imperial Clerk.
Emperor Hui of Jin succeeded Emperor Wu, but because of his developmental disability, he was unable to assert real power over the court. Instead, in 291, the imperial court fell under the control of his wife, Empress Jia Nanfeng and her relatives, Jia Mi and Guo Zhang, becoming known as the Jia-Guo regime. In an unspecified year, a fire broke out in the imperial armory. At the time, Guo Zhang had a hundred men under him who could put out the fire, but he was more interested in protecting his own property. Liu Tun severely questioned him for his actions, and Guo Zhang angrily said, "Sir, I can easily cut off your horns if I wanted to!" Liu Tun replied, "How dare you use favour to act like a tyrant! Are you going to cut the Son of Heaven's faguan as well?" He attempted to remove Guo Zhang from office, and Guo Zhang was unable to defend himself. Despite everyone else making excuses on behalf of Guo Zhang, Liu Tun refused to relent. After the incident, Guo Zhang was said to have become less extravagant and led a more simple life.
Liu Tun was eventually transferred to Interior Minister of Taiyuan. In February 301, after purging the Jia clan the previous year, the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun usurped the throne from Emperor Hui. He appointed Liu Tun as General Who Attacks Barbarians, but he declined. When the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong, raised a coalition to restore Emperor Hui later that April, Liu Tun raised an army in support of him and joined the Prince of Changshan, Sima Ai.
After Sima Lun was deposed later that year, Liu Tun was appointed Assistant of the Left to the Masters of Writing. During his tenure, he was described as having performed diligently and kept the court free from corruption. He later became acting Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk, during which he submitted a petition to the court asking them to dismiss more than ten officials including the Prince of Dong'an, Sima Yao, which earned him praises. He was then officially instated as Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk and appointed Zhongshuzhi, Left General of the Guards and Colonel-Director of Retainers. Afterwards, he sent another petition for the dismissal of a few more officials.
In January 303, when Sima Ai fought Sima Jiong in Luoyang, Liu Tun sided with the former. After Sima Jiong was killed, Sima Ai enfeoffed Liu Tun as the Duke of Zhuxu. The following year in 304, Sima Ai was defeated by the alliance of the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong and the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying. Liu Tun was dismissed from his office, but soon returned as Colonel-Director of Retainers.
In 305, Emperor Hui was forcibly relocated from Luoyang to Chang'an by Sima Yong. The imperial court was divided into two, with the Western Court in Chang'an and the Eastern Court in Luoyang. Liu Tun, as well as the prominent ministers, Xun Fan and Zhou Fu were left behind to manage politics in Luoyang on behalf of the emperor.
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Liu Tun
Liu Tun (died c.October 311), courtesy name Changsheng, was an official of the Jin dynasty (266–420). During the War of the Eight Princes, he was one of the few ministers entrusted in managing the Eastern Court while Emperor Hui of Jin was kept in Chang'an. After the Disaster of Yongjia, Liu Tun was captured and plotted with the Han-Zhao general, Wang Mi to break away, but was killed by Shi Le not long after. He was also known for holding the office of Colonel-Director of Retainers five times throughout his career.
Liu Tun was the son of the Cao Wei and Western Jin minister, Liu Yi (died 285). His family was from Ye County, Donglai Commandery, and he was a descendant of the Western Han dynasty prince, Liu Zhang. In 280, he entered the government and was appointed an Academician.
In January 283, Emperor Wu of Jin had his brother, the Prince of Qi, Sima You exiled from Luoyang to his fief. He then had his ministers debate on what should be bestowed on his brother for his achievements, during which Liu Tun, along with his fellow academicians, submitted a petition opposing Sima You's banishment. Emperor Wu was furious and had Liu Tun arrested and sent before the Minister of Justice. He was released following a general amnesty but was relieved of his official duties. He was later appointed as the Magistrate of Suanzao and then as an Imperial Clerk.
Emperor Hui of Jin succeeded Emperor Wu, but because of his developmental disability, he was unable to assert real power over the court. Instead, in 291, the imperial court fell under the control of his wife, Empress Jia Nanfeng and her relatives, Jia Mi and Guo Zhang, becoming known as the Jia-Guo regime. In an unspecified year, a fire broke out in the imperial armory. At the time, Guo Zhang had a hundred men under him who could put out the fire, but he was more interested in protecting his own property. Liu Tun severely questioned him for his actions, and Guo Zhang angrily said, "Sir, I can easily cut off your horns if I wanted to!" Liu Tun replied, "How dare you use favour to act like a tyrant! Are you going to cut the Son of Heaven's faguan as well?" He attempted to remove Guo Zhang from office, and Guo Zhang was unable to defend himself. Despite everyone else making excuses on behalf of Guo Zhang, Liu Tun refused to relent. After the incident, Guo Zhang was said to have become less extravagant and led a more simple life.
Liu Tun was eventually transferred to Interior Minister of Taiyuan. In February 301, after purging the Jia clan the previous year, the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun usurped the throne from Emperor Hui. He appointed Liu Tun as General Who Attacks Barbarians, but he declined. When the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong, raised a coalition to restore Emperor Hui later that April, Liu Tun raised an army in support of him and joined the Prince of Changshan, Sima Ai.
After Sima Lun was deposed later that year, Liu Tun was appointed Assistant of the Left to the Masters of Writing. During his tenure, he was described as having performed diligently and kept the court free from corruption. He later became acting Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk, during which he submitted a petition to the court asking them to dismiss more than ten officials including the Prince of Dong'an, Sima Yao, which earned him praises. He was then officially instated as Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk and appointed Zhongshuzhi, Left General of the Guards and Colonel-Director of Retainers. Afterwards, he sent another petition for the dismissal of a few more officials.
In January 303, when Sima Ai fought Sima Jiong in Luoyang, Liu Tun sided with the former. After Sima Jiong was killed, Sima Ai enfeoffed Liu Tun as the Duke of Zhuxu. The following year in 304, Sima Ai was defeated by the alliance of the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong and the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying. Liu Tun was dismissed from his office, but soon returned as Colonel-Director of Retainers.
In 305, Emperor Hui was forcibly relocated from Luoyang to Chang'an by Sima Yong. The imperial court was divided into two, with the Western Court in Chang'an and the Eastern Court in Luoyang. Liu Tun, as well as the prominent ministers, Xun Fan and Zhou Fu were left behind to manage politics in Luoyang on behalf of the emperor.