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Makarov pistol
The Makarov Pistol (Russian: Пистолет Макарова, romanized: Pistolet Makarova, IPA: [pʲɪstɐˈlʲet mɐˈkarəvə], lit. 'Makarov's Pistol'), commonly known simply as the PM or Makarov, is a semi-automatic pistol manufactured by the Russian company Kalashnikov Concern. The PM was designed by Nikolay Makarov to replace the TT pistol, becoming the standard service pistol of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Militsiya in 1951. It is chambered in the 9×18mm Makarov round which is unofficially named for the pistol.
The PM has been manufactured continuously by Izhevsk Mechanical Plant and Kalashnikov Concern in Izhevsk since 1949, while licensed copies have been produced outside of Russia. It is one of the most-produced firearms in the world, with over 5,000,000 manufactured, and is the second most-produced pistol after the Glock. It was adopted in some capacity by most Eastern Bloc and Second World states, and remains in active service in the militaries and police of these states and their successor states.
The PM, as the new standard issue sidearm of the Soviet Union, was issued to non-commissioned officers, Militsiya officers, special forces, as well as tank and aircraft crews. It was adopted by most states in the Eastern Bloc and Second World, the exception being states with an established native arms industry such as Czechoslovakia and Poland. It remained in widespread front-line service with Soviet military and police beyond the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In 2003, the PM was formally replaced by the MR-443 Grach in the Russian Armed Forces, and by the Ministry of Internal Affairs from 2006. However, this replacement has been very slow, with the PM yet to be entirely supplanted in the Russian military and police. As of 2015, the PMM and Grach were the service pistol of the Russian Airborne Troops. In September 2019, Rostec announced its SR-2 Udav pistol went into mass production as the Makarov replacement for the Russian Armed Forces. The Udav fires 9×21mm Gyurza rounds which are claimed to pierce 1.4 mm of titanium or 4 mm of steel at a 100 meters.
Outside of Russia, the PM is still the service pistol of many former Soviet-aligned states, including the Post-Soviet states, though the aging pistol is being gradually phased out. It is used by numerous Third World countries and non-state actors due to its ubiquity and low cost.
In the United States, PMs from Soviet and East German military surplus are listed as eligible curio and relic items by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, because the countries of manufacture no longer exist.
Shortly after the Second World War, the Soviet Union reactivated its plans for a new service pistol to replace the aging TT-33 (Tokarev) semi-automatic pistol and the Nagant M1895 revolver, then used by the Soviet Armed Forces and the Militsiya. The advent of the assault rifle after the war, and the subsequent adoption of the future AK-47 in 1947, relegated the pistol to a light, handy self-defense weapon. The Tokarev was considered unsuited for such a role as it was heavy and bulky for a pistol, lacked a safety, and their magazines were deemed too easy to lose. Also, Soviet soldiers had complained about the Tokarev's reliability, including incidents where the magazine would accidentally release. As a result, in December 1945, two separate contests for a new service pistol were created, respectively for a 7.62mm and 9mm calibre pistol. Special emphasis was placed on safety, user-friendliness, accuracy, weight, and dimensions. It was later judged that the new 9.2×18mm cartridge, designed by Boris Vladimirovich Semin, was the best round suited for the intended role. The lower pressures of the cartridge allowed practical straight-blowback operation, reducing the cost and complexity of the weapon while retaining low recoil and good stopping power.
Nikolay Makarov, a recent engineering graduate from the Tula Mechanical Institute, participated in the contest along with several prominent firearms engineers in the Soviet Union. Makarov's design, influenced by the German Walther PP, stood out from the others through its sheer simplicity, excellent reliability, quick disassembly, and robustness after stringent testing. During testing in April 1948, Makarov's pistol experienced 20 times fewer malfunctions than the competing Baryshev and Sevryugin counterparts, and required fewer parts. Therefore, Soviet authorities selected Makarov's design in 1949 for further development and optimization for mass production. Tooling was set up in the Izhevsk plant for production and, after many significant design changes and tweaks, it was formally adopted by the Soviet Armed Forces as the 9mm Pistolet Makarova, or PM, in December 1951.
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Makarov pistol
The Makarov Pistol (Russian: Пистолет Макарова, romanized: Pistolet Makarova, IPA: [pʲɪstɐˈlʲet mɐˈkarəvə], lit. 'Makarov's Pistol'), commonly known simply as the PM or Makarov, is a semi-automatic pistol manufactured by the Russian company Kalashnikov Concern. The PM was designed by Nikolay Makarov to replace the TT pistol, becoming the standard service pistol of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Militsiya in 1951. It is chambered in the 9×18mm Makarov round which is unofficially named for the pistol.
The PM has been manufactured continuously by Izhevsk Mechanical Plant and Kalashnikov Concern in Izhevsk since 1949, while licensed copies have been produced outside of Russia. It is one of the most-produced firearms in the world, with over 5,000,000 manufactured, and is the second most-produced pistol after the Glock. It was adopted in some capacity by most Eastern Bloc and Second World states, and remains in active service in the militaries and police of these states and their successor states.
The PM, as the new standard issue sidearm of the Soviet Union, was issued to non-commissioned officers, Militsiya officers, special forces, as well as tank and aircraft crews. It was adopted by most states in the Eastern Bloc and Second World, the exception being states with an established native arms industry such as Czechoslovakia and Poland. It remained in widespread front-line service with Soviet military and police beyond the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
In 2003, the PM was formally replaced by the MR-443 Grach in the Russian Armed Forces, and by the Ministry of Internal Affairs from 2006. However, this replacement has been very slow, with the PM yet to be entirely supplanted in the Russian military and police. As of 2015, the PMM and Grach were the service pistol of the Russian Airborne Troops. In September 2019, Rostec announced its SR-2 Udav pistol went into mass production as the Makarov replacement for the Russian Armed Forces. The Udav fires 9×21mm Gyurza rounds which are claimed to pierce 1.4 mm of titanium or 4 mm of steel at a 100 meters.
Outside of Russia, the PM is still the service pistol of many former Soviet-aligned states, including the Post-Soviet states, though the aging pistol is being gradually phased out. It is used by numerous Third World countries and non-state actors due to its ubiquity and low cost.
In the United States, PMs from Soviet and East German military surplus are listed as eligible curio and relic items by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, because the countries of manufacture no longer exist.
Shortly after the Second World War, the Soviet Union reactivated its plans for a new service pistol to replace the aging TT-33 (Tokarev) semi-automatic pistol and the Nagant M1895 revolver, then used by the Soviet Armed Forces and the Militsiya. The advent of the assault rifle after the war, and the subsequent adoption of the future AK-47 in 1947, relegated the pistol to a light, handy self-defense weapon. The Tokarev was considered unsuited for such a role as it was heavy and bulky for a pistol, lacked a safety, and their magazines were deemed too easy to lose. Also, Soviet soldiers had complained about the Tokarev's reliability, including incidents where the magazine would accidentally release. As a result, in December 1945, two separate contests for a new service pistol were created, respectively for a 7.62mm and 9mm calibre pistol. Special emphasis was placed on safety, user-friendliness, accuracy, weight, and dimensions. It was later judged that the new 9.2×18mm cartridge, designed by Boris Vladimirovich Semin, was the best round suited for the intended role. The lower pressures of the cartridge allowed practical straight-blowback operation, reducing the cost and complexity of the weapon while retaining low recoil and good stopping power.
Nikolay Makarov, a recent engineering graduate from the Tula Mechanical Institute, participated in the contest along with several prominent firearms engineers in the Soviet Union. Makarov's design, influenced by the German Walther PP, stood out from the others through its sheer simplicity, excellent reliability, quick disassembly, and robustness after stringent testing. During testing in April 1948, Makarov's pistol experienced 20 times fewer malfunctions than the competing Baryshev and Sevryugin counterparts, and required fewer parts. Therefore, Soviet authorities selected Makarov's design in 1949 for further development and optimization for mass production. Tooling was set up in the Izhevsk plant for production and, after many significant design changes and tweaks, it was formally adopted by the Soviet Armed Forces as the 9mm Pistolet Makarova, or PM, in December 1951.