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Pattern hair loss
Pattern hair loss (also known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA)) is a hair loss condition that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp. In male-pattern hair loss (MPHL), the hair loss typically presents itself as either a receding front hairline, loss of hair on the crown and vertex of the scalp, or a combination of both. Female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) typically presents as a diffuse thinning of the hair across the entire scalp. The condition is caused by a combination of male sex hormones (balding never occurs in castrated men) and genetic factors.
Some research has found evidence for the role of oxidative stress in hair loss, the microbiome of the scalp, genetics, and circulating androgens; particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Men with early onset androgenic alopecia (before the age of 35) have been deemed the male phenotypic equivalent for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
The cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear; androgenetic alopecia for women is associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Management of hair loss may include styling the remaining hair in a creative manner to make hair loss less apparent or shaving one's head to improve the aesthetic aspect of the condition. Otherwise, common medical treatments include platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride, or hair transplant surgery. Use of finasteride and dutasteride in women is not well-studied and may result in birth defects if taken during pregnancy.
By the age of 50, pattern hair loss affects about half of males and a quarter of females. It is the most common cause of hair loss. Both males aged 40–91 and younger male patients of early onset AGA (before the age of 35) had a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. With younger males, studies found metabolic syndrome to be at approximately a 4× increased frequency, which is deemed clinically significant. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and lowered high density lipoprotein were also significantly higher for younger groups.
Pattern hair loss is classified as a form of non-scarring hair loss.[citation needed]
Male-pattern hair loss begins above the temples and at the vertex (calvaria) of the scalp. As it progresses, a rim of hair at the sides and rear of the head remains. This has been referred to as a "Hippocratic wreath" and rarely progresses to complete baldness.
Female-pattern hair loss more often causes diffuse thinning without hairline recession; similar to its male counterpart, female androgenic alopecia rarely leads to total hair loss. The Ludwig scale grades severity of female-pattern hair loss. These include Grades 1, 2, 3 of balding in women based on their scalp showing in the front due to thinning of hair.
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Pattern hair loss
Pattern hair loss (also known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA)) is a hair loss condition that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp. In male-pattern hair loss (MPHL), the hair loss typically presents itself as either a receding front hairline, loss of hair on the crown and vertex of the scalp, or a combination of both. Female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) typically presents as a diffuse thinning of the hair across the entire scalp. The condition is caused by a combination of male sex hormones (balding never occurs in castrated men) and genetic factors.
Some research has found evidence for the role of oxidative stress in hair loss, the microbiome of the scalp, genetics, and circulating androgens; particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Men with early onset androgenic alopecia (before the age of 35) have been deemed the male phenotypic equivalent for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
The cause in female pattern hair loss remains unclear; androgenetic alopecia for women is associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Management of hair loss may include styling the remaining hair in a creative manner to make hair loss less apparent or shaving one's head to improve the aesthetic aspect of the condition. Otherwise, common medical treatments include platelet-rich plasma, low-level laser therapy, minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride, or hair transplant surgery. Use of finasteride and dutasteride in women is not well-studied and may result in birth defects if taken during pregnancy.
By the age of 50, pattern hair loss affects about half of males and a quarter of females. It is the most common cause of hair loss. Both males aged 40–91 and younger male patients of early onset AGA (before the age of 35) had a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance. With younger males, studies found metabolic syndrome to be at approximately a 4× increased frequency, which is deemed clinically significant. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and lowered high density lipoprotein were also significantly higher for younger groups.
Pattern hair loss is classified as a form of non-scarring hair loss.[citation needed]
Male-pattern hair loss begins above the temples and at the vertex (calvaria) of the scalp. As it progresses, a rim of hair at the sides and rear of the head remains. This has been referred to as a "Hippocratic wreath" and rarely progresses to complete baldness.
Female-pattern hair loss more often causes diffuse thinning without hairline recession; similar to its male counterpart, female androgenic alopecia rarely leads to total hair loss. The Ludwig scale grades severity of female-pattern hair loss. These include Grades 1, 2, 3 of balding in women based on their scalp showing in the front due to thinning of hair.