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Manning Wardle
Manning Wardle was a steam locomotive manufacturer based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
The city of Leeds was one of the earliest centres of locomotive building; Matthew Murray built the first commercially successful steam locomotive, Salamanca, in Holbeck, Leeds, in 1812. By 1856, a number of manufacturers had sprung up in the city, including Kitson and Company, and E. B. Wilson and Company, doing business as the Railway Foundry after 1848.
The Railway Foundry (E.B Wilson from 1838 to 1848) operated in Leeds until 1858. At least some of the company's designs and some materials were purchased by Manning Wardle & Company, who located their Boyne Engine Works in Jack Lane in the Hunslet district of the city. Steam locomotive construction commenced on the site in 1859. Within the next few years, two other companies, the Hunslet Engine Company and Hudswell, Clarke & Company also opened premises in Jack Lane. There was a good deal of staff movement between the three firms, leading to similar designs leaving all three works. Whilst Hudswell Clarke and Hunslet Engine Company built a wide variety of locomotive types, Manning Wardle concentrated on specialised locomotives for contractor's use, building up a range of locomotives suitable for all types of contracting work.
The pivotal Manning Wardle inside-cylinder design was an 0-4-0ST with 9-by-14-inch (230 by 360 mm) cylinders, one of which might have been owned by David Joy (it is described as being for sale in Leeds in 1856 in Vol. 3 of his Diaries) and which was later owned by the Midland Railway. An 0-4-2ST with 9.25-by-14-inch (235 by 356 mm) cylinders was developed from this design for the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway in 1853. In 1855 a 0-6-0ST with 11-by-17-inch (280 by 430 mm) class was developed, mainly for colliery work. Two of these, named Alliance and Victory were used in the Crimea; a contemporary descriptions of them in the Leeds press clearly show that the 'Railway Foundry 14-inch (360 mm) 0-6-0ST was the direct forerunner of the Manning Wardle 'Old Class I'.[citation needed] The origin of the outside cylinder 0-4-0ST standard designs is more obscure. The Chronicles of Boulton's Siding mentions a Railway Foundry 11-inch (280 mm) outside cylinder 0-4-0ST, but this work is notoriously unreliable. An 1856-vintage 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge outside cylinder 2-2-0ST with all wheels of the same diameter, La Porteña survives in Luján, Argentina (Manning Wardle later built a coupled version of this), but the most credible evidence for the first outside cylinder 0-4-0ST design is the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge 8-inch (203 mm) 0-4-0ST alluded to in the 1862 London Exhibition Catalogue as being similar to the maker's 'D' and 'E' classes apart from the gauge.
Manning Wardle went on to play an important part in narrow gauge steam locomotive evolution. After neighbours Hunslet Engine Co. had pioneered the 'Leeds Mainstream' pattern of narrow-gauge steam locomotive (full length outside mainframes; outside cylinders; proper locomotive-pattern boiler; direct drive to coupled wheels; foundation ring below top of frame level, and firebox width not constrained by wheelset 'back-to-back' dimension) with its Dinorwic in 1870, in 1871 Manning Wardle made series production of the type a serious proposition commencing with 18 in (457 mm) gauge 0-4-0ST Lord Raglan (No. 353) for the Royal Arsenal. Similar locomotives followed for both the Arsenal and Chatham Dockyard and in 1872 Manning Wardle's first long-wheelbase 0-6-0 to John Barraclough Fell's patents, an 18 in (457 mm) gauge 0-6-0 tender locomotive for the Royal Engineers on the 'Leeds mainstream' Model appeared. This was followed by two 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge Fell-pattern 0-6-0ST's in 1873 for the Bay of Havana Railway (see below), one (later two) 0-6-0's for the Pentewan Railway in Cornwall, and several 'Quasi-Fell' six-coupled locomotives for Sweden, India and Mexico (again see below). After the appearance of Hunslet's 0-6-4ST Beddgelert in 1877, the 'Leeds Mainstream' specification had truly come of age and the Boyne Engine Works went on to produce its own more sophisticated designs in the same vein, including the well-known 2-6-2T's for the Lynton & Barnstaple, 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge 0-6-2's for India, and a pair of 2-6-4T's for South Africa. Further examples, including two 0-6-2STs, were to emanate from Boyne Engine Works almost up to the company's demise, but most of the later-built examples were for overseas customers in Chile, India and Argentina, the last-mentioned example (No. 2039 of 1924) being an 18-inch gauge development of No. 353 of 1871.
Manning Wardle became a limited company in 1905.
Many Manning Wardle locomotives – of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge and various narrow gauges – were exported to Europe, Africa, the Middle East (e.g. the Palestine Railways Class M), the Indian sub-continent, Australasia (e.g. NZR WH class) and South America.
During the First World War, Manning Wardle produced a petrol engined standard gauge shunter for the War Office. This had a 180 hp Thornycroft 6-cylinder marine type reversing engine, and had coupled 0-4-0 layout, weighing 27 long tons (30.2 short tons; 27.4 t). Ten of these were ordered initially, with armour-plated superstructures for heavy haulage of rail-mounted guns. The first was delivered to the Longmoor Military Railway in October 1915, the last to France in May 1916. They proved 'wholly' unsuccessful and were soon relegated to shunting work.
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Manning Wardle
Manning Wardle was a steam locomotive manufacturer based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
The city of Leeds was one of the earliest centres of locomotive building; Matthew Murray built the first commercially successful steam locomotive, Salamanca, in Holbeck, Leeds, in 1812. By 1856, a number of manufacturers had sprung up in the city, including Kitson and Company, and E. B. Wilson and Company, doing business as the Railway Foundry after 1848.
The Railway Foundry (E.B Wilson from 1838 to 1848) operated in Leeds until 1858. At least some of the company's designs and some materials were purchased by Manning Wardle & Company, who located their Boyne Engine Works in Jack Lane in the Hunslet district of the city. Steam locomotive construction commenced on the site in 1859. Within the next few years, two other companies, the Hunslet Engine Company and Hudswell, Clarke & Company also opened premises in Jack Lane. There was a good deal of staff movement between the three firms, leading to similar designs leaving all three works. Whilst Hudswell Clarke and Hunslet Engine Company built a wide variety of locomotive types, Manning Wardle concentrated on specialised locomotives for contractor's use, building up a range of locomotives suitable for all types of contracting work.
The pivotal Manning Wardle inside-cylinder design was an 0-4-0ST with 9-by-14-inch (230 by 360 mm) cylinders, one of which might have been owned by David Joy (it is described as being for sale in Leeds in 1856 in Vol. 3 of his Diaries) and which was later owned by the Midland Railway. An 0-4-2ST with 9.25-by-14-inch (235 by 356 mm) cylinders was developed from this design for the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway in 1853. In 1855 a 0-6-0ST with 11-by-17-inch (280 by 430 mm) class was developed, mainly for colliery work. Two of these, named Alliance and Victory were used in the Crimea; a contemporary descriptions of them in the Leeds press clearly show that the 'Railway Foundry 14-inch (360 mm) 0-6-0ST was the direct forerunner of the Manning Wardle 'Old Class I'.[citation needed] The origin of the outside cylinder 0-4-0ST standard designs is more obscure. The Chronicles of Boulton's Siding mentions a Railway Foundry 11-inch (280 mm) outside cylinder 0-4-0ST, but this work is notoriously unreliable. An 1856-vintage 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge outside cylinder 2-2-0ST with all wheels of the same diameter, La Porteña survives in Luján, Argentina (Manning Wardle later built a coupled version of this), but the most credible evidence for the first outside cylinder 0-4-0ST design is the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge 8-inch (203 mm) 0-4-0ST alluded to in the 1862 London Exhibition Catalogue as being similar to the maker's 'D' and 'E' classes apart from the gauge.
Manning Wardle went on to play an important part in narrow gauge steam locomotive evolution. After neighbours Hunslet Engine Co. had pioneered the 'Leeds Mainstream' pattern of narrow-gauge steam locomotive (full length outside mainframes; outside cylinders; proper locomotive-pattern boiler; direct drive to coupled wheels; foundation ring below top of frame level, and firebox width not constrained by wheelset 'back-to-back' dimension) with its Dinorwic in 1870, in 1871 Manning Wardle made series production of the type a serious proposition commencing with 18 in (457 mm) gauge 0-4-0ST Lord Raglan (No. 353) for the Royal Arsenal. Similar locomotives followed for both the Arsenal and Chatham Dockyard and in 1872 Manning Wardle's first long-wheelbase 0-6-0 to John Barraclough Fell's patents, an 18 in (457 mm) gauge 0-6-0 tender locomotive for the Royal Engineers on the 'Leeds mainstream' Model appeared. This was followed by two 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge Fell-pattern 0-6-0ST's in 1873 for the Bay of Havana Railway (see below), one (later two) 0-6-0's for the Pentewan Railway in Cornwall, and several 'Quasi-Fell' six-coupled locomotives for Sweden, India and Mexico (again see below). After the appearance of Hunslet's 0-6-4ST Beddgelert in 1877, the 'Leeds Mainstream' specification had truly come of age and the Boyne Engine Works went on to produce its own more sophisticated designs in the same vein, including the well-known 2-6-2T's for the Lynton & Barnstaple, 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge 0-6-2's for India, and a pair of 2-6-4T's for South Africa. Further examples, including two 0-6-2STs, were to emanate from Boyne Engine Works almost up to the company's demise, but most of the later-built examples were for overseas customers in Chile, India and Argentina, the last-mentioned example (No. 2039 of 1924) being an 18-inch gauge development of No. 353 of 1871.
Manning Wardle became a limited company in 1905.
Many Manning Wardle locomotives – of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge and various narrow gauges – were exported to Europe, Africa, the Middle East (e.g. the Palestine Railways Class M), the Indian sub-continent, Australasia (e.g. NZR WH class) and South America.
During the First World War, Manning Wardle produced a petrol engined standard gauge shunter for the War Office. This had a 180 hp Thornycroft 6-cylinder marine type reversing engine, and had coupled 0-4-0 layout, weighing 27 long tons (30.2 short tons; 27.4 t). Ten of these were ordered initially, with armour-plated superstructures for heavy haulage of rail-mounted guns. The first was delivered to the Longmoor Military Railway in October 1915, the last to France in May 1916. They proved 'wholly' unsuccessful and were soon relegated to shunting work.
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