Marc Andreessen
Andreessen in 2013
Born	Marc Lowell Andreessen (1971-07-09) July 9, 1971 (age 53) Cedar Falls, Iowa, U.S.
Education	University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (BS)
Occupations	Investor entrepreneur software engineer
Known for	Mosaic Netscape Opsware Andreessen Horowitz
Spouse	Laura Arrillaga (m. 2006)
Children	1^[1]
Relatives	John Arrillaga (father-in-law)
Website	a16z.com/author/marc-andreessen

Marc Lowell Andreessen (/ænˈdriːsən/ an-DREE-sən; born July 9, 1971) is an American businessman and former software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first widely used web browser with a graphical user interface; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He co-founded and later sold the software company Opsware to Hewlett-Packard; he also co-founded Ning, a company that provides a platform for social networking websites. He is an inductee in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame. Andreessen's net worth is estimated at $1.9 billion as of January 2025.

Early life and education

[edit]

Andreessen was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, and raised in New Lisbon, Wisconsin.^[2] He is the son of Patricia and Lowell Andreessen, who worked for a seed company.^[3] In December 1993,^[2] he received his bachelor's degree in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC).^[4] As an undergraduate, he interned twice at IBM in Austin, Texas.^[5] He worked in the AIX graphics software development group responsible for the MIT X implementation and ports of the 3D language APIs: SGI's Graphics Language (GL) and PHIGS.^{[citation needed]} He also worked at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois, where he became familiar with Tim Berners-Lee's open standards for the World Wide Web. After being shown the ViolaWWW graphic web browser in late 1992, Andreessen and full-time salaried co-worker Eric Bina worked on creating a browser with integrated graphics that could be ported to a wide range of computers, including Windows. The result was the Mosaic web browser released in 1993.^[6]

In the Web's first generation, Tim Berners-Lee launched the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and HTML standards with prototype Unix-based servers and browsers. A few people noticed that the Web might be better than Gopher. In the second generation, Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina developed NCSA Mosaic at the University of Illinois. Several million then suddenly noticed that the Web might be better than sex.
— Bob Metcalfe, InfoWorld, August 21, 1995, Vol. 17, Issue 34.^[7]

Career

[edit]

Andreessen has worked at Netscape, Opsware, founded Andreessen Horowitz, and invested in many successful companies including Facebook, Foursquare, GitHub, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and Twitter.^[8]

Netscape

[edit]

After graduating from UIUC in 1993, Andreessen moved to California to work at Enterprise Integration Technologies. Andreessen then met with Jim Clark, the founder of Silicon Graphics, who had recently exited the firm. Clark believed the Mosaic browser had great commercial possibilities and suggested starting an Internet software company. Soon, Mosaic Communications Corporation was in business in Mountain View, California, with Andreessen as co-founder and vice president of technology. The University of Illinois was unhappy with the company's use of the Mosaic name, so Mosaic Communications changed its name to Netscape Communications, and its flagship Web browser was the Netscape Navigator.^[9]

Netscape's IPO in 1995 put Andreessen in the public eye. He was on the cover of Time^[10]^[11] and other publications.^[12]

Netscape was acquired in 1999 for $4.3 billion by AOL. Andreessen's hiring as its chief technical officer was contingent on the completion of the acquisition.^[13] The same year, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[14]

Opsware

[edit]

After AOL acquired Netscape in late 1998, Andreessen founded Opsware with Ben Horowitz, Tim Howes, and In Sik Rhee.^[15] Originally named Loudcloud, the company provided computing, hosting and software services to consumer-facing internet and e-commerce companies. Loudcloud sold its hosting business to EDS and changed its name to Opsware in 2003, with Andreessen serving as chairman. Acquired by Hewlett-Packard for $1.6 billion in 2007, it was one of the first companies to offer software as a service and to attempt cloud hosting.^[16]

Andreessen Horowitz

[edit]

Between 2005 and 2009, Andreessen and Horowitz separately invested a total of $80 million in 45 startups, including Twitter and Qik.^[17] The two became well known as super angel investors.^[17] On July 6, 2009, Andreessen and Horowitz announced their Silicon Valley venture-capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.^[18]

Investments

[edit]

Andreessen Horowitz began with an initial capitalization of $300 million;^[19] within three years the firm grew to $2.7 billion under management across three funds.^[20] In 2012, Andreessen Horowitz's portfolio holdings included Facebook, Foursquare, GitHub, Pinterest, Twitter, and Honor, Inc.^[21]

On September 1, 2009, an investor group that included Andreessen Horowitz acquired a majority stake in Skype at a valuation of $2.75 billion,^[22] which was considered risky.^[23] The deal paid off in May 2011 when Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion.^[23] In 2010, the firm assisted Silicon Valley attorney Ted Wang in creating the first free standardized seed round financing documents, the Series Seed Documents.^[24]

Andreessen joined the eBay board of directors in 2008 and served on it for six years.^[25] In October 2014, he announced his resignation from the board due to the company's decision to break off its online payments unit PayPal. The decision to cut ties with PayPal was a point of contention between Andreessen and investor Carl Icahn. Icahn advocated for the PayPal split while Andreessen opposed the spin-off, resulting in public disputes. Andreessen was accused by Icahn of putting his own interests in front of what was best for shareholders. Icahn published his argument in an open letter that detailed alleged conflicts of interest in eBay's 2009 sale of Skype to a group of private investors, which included Andreessen's firm.^[26]

Andreessen has invested in multiple special economic zones including California Forever in northern California,^[27] Próspera off the coast of Honduras,^[28] and Praxis in an as yet to be announced location. ^[29] He has also invested in Pronomos Capital,^[30] which is funding multiple special economic zone projects across the world.^[31] These special economic zones have been linked by various sources to the Network State movement.^[32]^[33]

Industry influence

[edit]

Andreessen advises the leaders of companies in which Andreessen Horowitz invests, including Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and Mark Pincus of Zynga.^[34]

Andreessen and Horowitz were ranked No. 6 on Vanity Fair's 2011 New Establishment List,^[35] no. 1 on CNET's 2011 most influential investors list^[36] and Nos. 2 and 21, respectively, on the 2012 Forbes Midas List of Tech's Top Investors.^[37]

In April 2012, Andreessen and Andreessen Horowitz General Partners Ben Horowitz, Peter Levine, Jeff Jordan, John O'Farrell, and Scott Weiss pledged to donate half their lifetime incomes from venture capital to charitable organizations.^[38]

In 2012, Andreessen was named in the Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by Time.^[39] His essay "Software is eating the world" has been influential and widely cited.^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43]

In 2013, Andreessen was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering.^[44]

In April 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Andreessen published an opinion article, "It's time to build", describing the United States' COVID-19 response and suggesting technological and cultural solutions to the problem.^[45]^[46]

In October 2023, Andreessen published a "Techno-Optimist Manifesto" arguing that civilization is built on technology and that "Technology is the glory of human ambition and achievement, the spearhead of progress, and the realization of our potential."^[47] He has also described himself as a "tescrealist".^[48]

Ventures

[edit]

Andreessen cofounded and chaired Ning, the third company he established, after Netscape and Loudcloud.^[49] In September 2011, it was announced that Ning had been sold to Mode Media for a reported price of $150 million. Andreessen joined Glam Media's board of directors after the sale.^[50]

He is a personal investor in companies including LinkedIn^[40] and boutique bank Raine.^[51]

Andreessen serves on the board of Meta,^[52] Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Kno,^[53] Stanford Hospital,^[54] Bump Technologies, Anki,^[55] Oculus VR,^[56] OpenGov,^[57] Dialpad, and TinyCo.^[58] Hewlett Packard Enterprise announced in February 2018 that board member Andreessen would not seek reelection at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on April 4.^[59] In his time at Hewlett Packard, Andreessen had been partially blamed for some of the company's failures, including the recruiting of Léo Apotheker as well as the acquisitions of Autonomy and Palm.^[60]^[61]

He is advisor to Asana and director of CollabNet.^[62] He is a proponent of Bitcoin.^[63] Andreessen is on an advisory board for Neom, the Saudi Arabian government's plan to build a futuristic megacity in the desert.^[64]^[65]

Department of Government Efficiency

[edit]

While not officially part of Elon Musk's DOGE, Andreesseen has been listed as a “a key networker for talent recruitment” at the agency, according to The Washington Post.^[66]^[67] He has also shared insight about DOGE's plans in various interviews.^[68]

Criticism

[edit]

In February 2016, Andreessen posted a tweet in response to India's decision to apply net neutrality to Facebook's proposed project Free Basics. The tweet suggested that anti-colonialism had been catastrophic for the Indian people. Andreessen later deleted the tweet following criticism from Indians and non-Indians alike (including Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg).^[69]^[70]^[71] Facebook spent millions advertising Free Basics to the Indian public.^[72] The project failed due to violations, setting preferential tariffs in accessing content and setting up a "walled garden" on the internet.^[73]^[74]

In April 2016, Facebook shareholders filed a class action lawsuit to block Zuckerberg's plan to create a new class of non-voting shares. The lawsuit alleges Andreessen secretly coached Zuckerberg through a process to win board approval for the stock change, while Andreessen served as an independent board member representing stockholders.^[75]

According to court documents, Andreessen shared information with Zuckerberg about their progress and concerns and helped Zuckerberg negotiate against shareholders. Court documents included transcripts of private texts between Zuckerberg and Andreessen.^[76]

Personal life

[edit]

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v t e

Andreessen married Laura Arrillaga in 2006.^[77] She is the founder of the Silicon Valley Social Venture Fund and daughter of Silicon Valley real estate billionaire John Arrillaga. They have one son together.

In 2009, Andreessen issued a $25,000 reward for information leading to a conviction in the 1987 unsolved murder of Barbara Blackstone, a teacher from New Lisbon High School in Wisconsin, which he had attended.^[78] The case remains unsolved as of 2022.^[79]

In 2021, he and his wife bought a property in Malibu for $177 million from Serge and Florence Azria. This was the highest price paid for a California property at that time.^[80] As of February 2023, his net worth is estimated at $1.7 billion by Forbes.^[81]

In 2022, Andreessen advocated against the construction of 131 multifamily housing units in their affluent Atherton, California town.^[82] In a letter, Andreessen and his wife wrote that they opposed permitting more than one house on a single acre of land.^[83] Andreessen's comments sparked criticisms of hypocrisy, as he had previously argued for increased housing supply, in particular in California.^[83]^[82]

Politics

[edit]

Andreessen endorsed and voted for Bill Clinton, Al Gore, John Kerry, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton.^[84] In 2012, Andreessen donated $100,000 to Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney.^[85]^[86] During the 2016 primary season, he endorsed Republican candidate Carly Fiorina, but after Fiorina dropped out of the race, Andreessen switched his endorsement to the Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, citing the Republican nominee Donald Trump's immigration stance.^[87]^[88]

In July 2024, Andreessen announced he would donate to Super PACs that support Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign.^[89]

Andreessen is a mega-donor to the political superPAC and pro-cryptocurrency advocacy group Fairshake.^[90] Andreessen came out against president Joe Biden's re-election bid, saying he feared higher taxes on billionaires and stricter regulations on industries he invests in (cryptocurrency and AI).^[90] On Joe Rogan's podcast in November 2024, Andreessen claimed that some cryptocurrency users have been unfairly debanked.^[91]

Accolades

[edit]

Andreessen was one of six inductees in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the First International Conference on the World-Wide Web in 1994.^[92]^[93]

Writings

[edit]

References

[edit]

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^ "Musk and Ramaswamy race to build a 'DOGE' team for war with Washington". Washington Post. November 24, 2024. Archived from the original on February 18, 2025. Retrieved March 21, 2025.
^ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Kirsten Korosec, Zack Whittaker, Charles Rollet, Sean O'Kane, Lorenzo (March 12, 2025). "The people in Elon Musk's DOGE universe". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 21, 2025. Retrieved March 21, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Dyos, Stuart. "Marc Andreessen says DOGE is focused on the 'ghost town' of Washington, D.C., where most employees don't go to the office". Fortune. Retrieved March 21, 2025.
^ "Net Neutrality: Indians fume over offensive tweet by Facebook board member". Deccan Chronicle. February 10, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Ghosha, Abhimanyu (February 10, 2016). "Marc Andreessen just offended 1 billion Indians with a single tweet". The Next Web. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Zuckerberg, Mark (February 11, 2016). "Mark Zuckerberg responds to Andreessen's tweet". Facebook.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Bhatia, Rahul (May 12, 2016). "The inside story of Facebook's biggest setback". The Guardian. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Wadhwa, Vivek (February 8, 2016). "Free Basics And Facebook's Waterloo In India". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Gilbert, David (December 23, 2015). "Facebook's Free Basics Service Shut Down In India". International Business Times. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Heath, Alex (December 13, 2016). "Here are the chummy behind-the-scenes text messages between Mark Zuckerberg and Marc Andreessen that surfaced in a Facebook lawsuit". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Chang, Lulu (December 9, 2016). "Marc Andreessen accused of conflict of interest based on private texts to Zuckerberg". Digital Trends. Retrieved December 22, 2019.
^ Quinn, Michelle (August 15, 2007). "Andreessen Casts a Wide Net". Los Angeles Times.
^ "Netscape co-founder Andreessen offers reward". Twincities.com - Pioneer Press. Pioneer Press. March 31, 2009. Archived from the original on December 2, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
^ Perry, Rachael (November 3, 2022). "What happened to Barbara Blackstone?; 35 years later and her death remains unsolved". WKOW.com. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on March 18, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
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^ "Marc Andreessen". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Demsas, Jerusalem (August 5, 2022). "The Billionaire's Dilemma". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 28, 2023. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Griffith, Erin (August 12, 2022). "The Summer of NIMBY in Silicon Valley's Poshest Town". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 11, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
^ Tempkin, Marina (July 16, 2024). "Andreessen Horowitz co-founders explain why they're supporting Trump". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
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^ Boorstin, Julia (July 17, 2012). "Marc Andreessen Talks Facebook, Romney and Yahoo". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
^ Chmielewski, Dawn (June 14, 2016). "Asked why he supports Clinton over Trump, Marc Andreessen responds: 'Is that a serious question?'". Recode. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
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^ Field, Hayden; Cnbc • • (July 16, 2024). "Andreessen Horowitz founders plan to donate to pro-Trump super PAC". NBC New York. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Silicon Valley, the New Lobbying Monster https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/10/14/silicon-valley-the-new-lobbying-monster Archived October 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
^ Ingram, David (December 10, 2024). "How tech's right-wing elite made 'debanking' claims into a political rallying points". NBC News.
^ Robert Cailliau (May 1994). "WWW94 Awards". CERN. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
^ Friend, Tad (May 18, 2015). "Tomorrow's advance man : Marc Andreessen's plan to win the future". Letter from California. The New Yorker. Vol. 91, no. 13. pp. 58–73. Archived from the original on August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2015.

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[edit]

Media related to Marc Andreessen at Wikimedia Commons
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Mark Zuckerberg (28% equity)
Dustin Moskovitz (7%)
Eduardo Saverin (5%, formerly)
Chris Hughes (1%, formerly)
Andrew McCollum

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Current	Mark Zuckerberg Marc Andreessen John D. Arnold John Elkann Drew Houston Nancy Killefer Robert M. Kimmitt Hock Tan Dana White Tony Xu
Former	Sheryl Sandberg Peter Thiel

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officers

Current	Mark Zuckerberg (Chairman and CEO) Javier Olivan (COO) Andrew Bosworth (CTO) Chris Cox (CPO) Nick Clegg (President of Global Affairs) Jennifer Newstead (Chief Legal Officer)
Former	Sean Parker (4%, formerly) Owen Van Natta Gideon Yu Adam D'Angelo Chris Kelly Bret Taylor Sheryl Sandberg Mike Schroepfer David Wehner David Ebersman Marne Levine Alex Stamos

Oversight
Board

Members	Catalina Botero Marino, Co-Chair (2020–) Jamal Greene, Co-Chair (2020–) Michael W. McConnell, Co-Chair (2020–) Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Co-Chair (2020–) Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei (2020–) Evelyn Aswad (2020–) Endy Bayuni (2020–) Katherine Chen (2020–) Nighat Dad (2020–) Tawakkol Karman (2020–) Maina Kiai (2020–) Sudhir Krishnaswamy (2020–) Ronaldo Lemos (2020–) Julie Owono (2020–) Emi Palmor (2020–) Alan Rusbridger (2020–) András Sajó (2020–) John Samples (2020–) Nicolas Suzor (2020–) Suzanne Nossel (2021–) Khaled Mansour (2022–) Pamela San Martin (2022–) Paolo Carozza (2022–) Kenji Yoshino (2023–)
Board of Trustees	Stephen Neal, Chair (2021–) Kristina Arriaga (2020–) Cherine Chalaby (2020–) Wanda Felton (2020–) Kate O'Regan (2020–) Robert Post (2020–)
Former members	Pamela S. Karlan (Board Member, 2020–2021) Paul G. Haaga Jr. (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021)

Notable
employees

Current

Lars Rasmussen (Graph Search director)
Naomi Gleit (VP of social good)
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Adam Mosseri (head of Instagram)
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Former

Blake Ross (Director of Product)
Ted Ullyot (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary)
Hugo Barra (VP of Reality Labs)
John Carmack (CTO of Reality Labs)
Matt Cohler
Charlie Cheever
Randi Zuckerberg
Yishan Wong
George Hotz
Joe Lockhart
Andrei Alexandrescu (research scientist)
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Elliot Schrage (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy)
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Pioneers

2012	Paul Baran Vint Cerf Danny Cohen Steve Crocker Donald Davies Elizabeth J. Feinler Charles Herzfeld Robert Kahn Peter T. Kirstein Leonard Kleinrock John Klensin Jon Postel Louis Pouzin Lawrence Roberts
2013	David Clark David Farber Howard Frank Kanchana Kanchanasut J. C. R. Licklider Bob Metcalfe Jun Murai Kees Neggers Nii Quaynor Glenn Ricart Robert Taylor Stephen Wolff Werner Zorn
2014	Douglas Engelbart Susan Estrada Frank Heart Dennis Jennings Rolf Nordhagen Radia Perlman

Global connectors

2012	Randy Bush Kilnam Chon Al Gore Nancy Hafkin Geoff Huston Brewster Kahle Daniel Karrenberg Toru Takahashi Tan Tin Wee
2013	Karen Banks Gihan Dias Anriette Esterhuysen Steve Goldstein Teus Hagen Ida Holz Qiheng Hu Haruhisa Ishida Barry Leiner George Sadowsky
2014	Dai Davies Demi Getschko Masaki Hirabaru Erik Huizer Steve Huter Abhaya Induruwa Dorcas Muthoni Mahabir Pun Srinivasan Ramani Michael Roberts Ben Segal Douglas Van Houweling
2017	Nabil Bukhalid Ira Fuchs Shigeki Goto Mike Jensen Ermanno Pietrosemoli Tadao Takahashi Florencio Utreras Wu Jianping

Innovators

2012	Mitchell Baker Tim Berners-Lee Robert Cailliau Van Jacobson Lawrence Landweber Paul Mockapetris Craig Newmark Ray Tomlinson Linus Torvalds Phil Zimmermann
2013	Marc Andreessen John Perry Barlow François Flückiger Stephen Kent Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder Henning Schulzrinne Richard Stallman Aaron Swartz Jimmy Wales
2014	Eric Allman Eric Bina Karlheinz Brandenburg John Cioffi Hualin Qian Paul Vixie
2017	Jaap Akkerhuis Yvonne Marie Andres Alan Emtage Ed Krol Tracy LaQuey Parker Craig Partridge

Inductees since 2019

2019	Adiel Akplogan Kimberly Claffy Douglas Comer Elise Gerich Larry Irving Dan Lynch Jean Armour Polly José Soriano Michael Stanton [pt] Klaas Wierenga Suguru Yamaguchi [ja]
2021	Carlos Afonso Rob Blokzijl Hans-Werner Braun [de] Frode Greisen Jan Gruntorad Saul Hahn Kim Hubbard Rafael Ibarra Xing Li Yngvar Lundh Dan Kaminsky DaeYoung Kim Kenneth Klingenstein Alejandro Pisanty Yakov Rekhter Philip Smith Pål Spilling Liane Tarouco [pt] Virginia Travers George Varghese Lixia Zhang
2023	Abhay Bhushan Laura Breeden Ivan Moura Campos Steve Cisler Peter Eckersley Hartmut Richard Glaser Simon S. Lam William Schrader Guy de Téramond

v t e Andreessen Horowitz
Founders	Marc Andreessen Ben Horowitz
Selected general partners	Martin Casado Chris Dixon Jeff Jordan Sriram Krishnan Peter J. Levine John O'Farrell Vijay S. Pande Scott Weiss
Selected investments	Airbnb Foursquare Groupon Lytro Twitter, Inc. ThirdLove