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Marfino District
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Marfino District
Marfino District (Russian: райо́н Марфино) is an administrative district (raion) of North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. It is 8 km north of Moscow city center; to the east is Moscow's Central Botanical Gardens and the Ostankino Park. To the west is Butyrsky District. The area of the district is 2.7 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi). Population: 34,500 (2017 est.)
Marfino was first mentioned in a land survey book of 1560 as a wasteland. As a village, Marfino was first mentioned in a charter issued by Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich: on September 19, 1619, Marfino, along with the village of Vladykino, was granted to Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky in perpetual hereditary ownership for his courage and loyalty to the throne during the invasion (Collection of State Charters and Treaties, 3, 312). However, in 1623, the village was returned to the possession of the Epiphany Monastery.
After a land exchange between Patriarch Nikon and the Epiphany Monastery in 1653, Marfino came under the ownership of the Patriarch.
In 1688, the Patriarch agreed to donate the village of Marfino to the monastic brethren. Following this, the monastery owned Marfino for a century. The monastery remained the owner of Marfino until 1764, when Catherine II confiscated the lands of all monasteries into the state treasury. Catherine's reform also affected the Epiphany Monastery, which lost most of its lands. According to the 1744 census, the village had a population of 32 souls. The fields covered 30 quarters of land. There were only 10 workers, who did not own any land due to its scarcity and instead received an annual salary from the monastery: 2 rubles each, 6 quarters of grain, and the monastery paid the poll tax (taxes for these workers) to the treasury. There were 20 haystacks of meadowland and 2 desyatins of arable and non-arable forest. Additionally, Marfino had 3 fishponds and a livestock farm.
From the second half of the 18th century, home-based textile production emerged in Marfino, actively employing the labor of young girls. Women and girls produced socks, stockings, and gloves, which were in decent demand in Moscow.
On a map from the early 19th century, Marfino is surrounded by fields. To the east lies the Sheremetev Park, which transitions into a forest to the north and into undergrowth to the west, stretching all the way to the road to Dmitrov. To the south of Marfino, fields extended as far as the Butyrskaya Sloboda. Part of the surrounding land belonged to the Epiphany Monastery. On these lands stood a beautiful decorative forest, but the monastery authorities ordered it to be cut down.
In 1877, a tavern was operating in Marfino (most likely not in the village itself but in the area of Kashyokin Lug). There were 36 houses in 34 households, and out of 190 villagers, 16 were working elsewhere. In Marfino, 9 men and 1 woman were literate. The population was distributed by age as follows: 54 were under 15 years old, 32 were between 15 and 25 years old, and only 7 were over 60 years old, making up less than 4% of the population. The average life expectancy did not exceed 40 years.
On October 24, 1885, the Alexander-Marfin Children's Shelter with an elementary school was opened in Marfino, established and funded by the Epiphany Monastery. The shelter was created for orphaned boys and children from the poorest families of clergy, and it was dedicated to the memory of the coronation of Their Imperial Majesties in 1883. The shelter taught carpentry, bookbinding, singing, and violin playing. Distinguished students were awarded gifts, and all graduates received a copy of the Holy Gospel. With the opening of the shelter's church, Marfino ceased to be a village and acquired the status of a hamlet.
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Marfino District
Marfino District (Russian: райо́н Марфино) is an administrative district (raion) of North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. It is 8 km north of Moscow city center; to the east is Moscow's Central Botanical Gardens and the Ostankino Park. To the west is Butyrsky District. The area of the district is 2.7 square kilometers (1.0 sq mi). Population: 34,500 (2017 est.)
Marfino was first mentioned in a land survey book of 1560 as a wasteland. As a village, Marfino was first mentioned in a charter issued by Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich: on September 19, 1619, Marfino, along with the village of Vladykino, was granted to Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky in perpetual hereditary ownership for his courage and loyalty to the throne during the invasion (Collection of State Charters and Treaties, 3, 312). However, in 1623, the village was returned to the possession of the Epiphany Monastery.
After a land exchange between Patriarch Nikon and the Epiphany Monastery in 1653, Marfino came under the ownership of the Patriarch.
In 1688, the Patriarch agreed to donate the village of Marfino to the monastic brethren. Following this, the monastery owned Marfino for a century. The monastery remained the owner of Marfino until 1764, when Catherine II confiscated the lands of all monasteries into the state treasury. Catherine's reform also affected the Epiphany Monastery, which lost most of its lands. According to the 1744 census, the village had a population of 32 souls. The fields covered 30 quarters of land. There were only 10 workers, who did not own any land due to its scarcity and instead received an annual salary from the monastery: 2 rubles each, 6 quarters of grain, and the monastery paid the poll tax (taxes for these workers) to the treasury. There were 20 haystacks of meadowland and 2 desyatins of arable and non-arable forest. Additionally, Marfino had 3 fishponds and a livestock farm.
From the second half of the 18th century, home-based textile production emerged in Marfino, actively employing the labor of young girls. Women and girls produced socks, stockings, and gloves, which were in decent demand in Moscow.
On a map from the early 19th century, Marfino is surrounded by fields. To the east lies the Sheremetev Park, which transitions into a forest to the north and into undergrowth to the west, stretching all the way to the road to Dmitrov. To the south of Marfino, fields extended as far as the Butyrskaya Sloboda. Part of the surrounding land belonged to the Epiphany Monastery. On these lands stood a beautiful decorative forest, but the monastery authorities ordered it to be cut down.
In 1877, a tavern was operating in Marfino (most likely not in the village itself but in the area of Kashyokin Lug). There were 36 houses in 34 households, and out of 190 villagers, 16 were working elsewhere. In Marfino, 9 men and 1 woman were literate. The population was distributed by age as follows: 54 were under 15 years old, 32 were between 15 and 25 years old, and only 7 were over 60 years old, making up less than 4% of the population. The average life expectancy did not exceed 40 years.
On October 24, 1885, the Alexander-Marfin Children's Shelter with an elementary school was opened in Marfino, established and funded by the Epiphany Monastery. The shelter was created for orphaned boys and children from the poorest families of clergy, and it was dedicated to the memory of the coronation of Their Imperial Majesties in 1883. The shelter taught carpentry, bookbinding, singing, and violin playing. Distinguished students were awarded gifts, and all graduates received a copy of the Holy Gospel. With the opening of the shelter's church, Marfino ceased to be a village and acquired the status of a hamlet.
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