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McCune–Reischauer
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McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.
According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."
A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
The following are some characteristics of the McCune–Reischauer system:
McCune–Reischauer employs dual use of apostrophes, with the more common being for syllabic boundaries. Therefore, it may take some time for learners to familiarise themselves with the placement of apostrophes to determine how a romanized Korean word is pronounced. For example, 마찬가지 → mach'an'gaji, which consists of the syllables ma, ch'an, ga, and ji.
In the early days of the Internet, the apostrophe and breve were even omitted altogether for both technical and practical reasons, which made it impossible to differentiate the strongly aspirated consonants k', t', p' and ch' from the unaspirated consonants k, t, p and ch, and the vowels ㅓ and ㅡ from ㅗ and ㅜ.
For example, if the diacritics in the MR rendering of the name of South Korean city Ch'ŏngju (청주; Cheongju) are omitted (Chongju), it overlaps with the name of North Korean city Chongju (정주; Jeongju). There is a claim of uncertain veracity that, during the 1950–1953 Korean War, the US Army accidentally (or almost) bombed the wrong city due to this.
As a result, the South Korean government introduced a revised system of romanization in 2000. However, Korean critics claimed that the Revised System fails to represent ㅓ and ㅡ in a way that is easily recognizable and misrepresents the way that the unaspirated consonants are actually pronounced.
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McCune–Reischauer
McCune–Reischauer (MR; /məˈkjuːn ˈraɪʃaʊ.ər/ mə-KEWN RYSHE-ow-ər) is a romanization system for the Korean language. It was first published in 1939 by George M. McCune and Edwin O. Reischauer. Significant work on the system was done by Korean linguists Choe Hyeon-bae, Jeong In-seop, and Kim Seon-gi.
According to Reischauer, McCune "persuaded the American Army Map Service to adopt [the McCune–Reischauer system], and through the Korean War it became the foundation for most current Romanizations of Korean place names."
A variant of McCune–Reischauer is currently used as the official system in North Korea. Another variant is currently used for standard romanization library catalogs in North America. On the other hand, South Korea formerly used yet another variant as its official system from 1984 to 2000, but replaced it with the Revised Romanization of Korean in 2000.
The following are some characteristics of the McCune–Reischauer system:
McCune–Reischauer employs dual use of apostrophes, with the more common being for syllabic boundaries. Therefore, it may take some time for learners to familiarise themselves with the placement of apostrophes to determine how a romanized Korean word is pronounced. For example, 마찬가지 → mach'an'gaji, which consists of the syllables ma, ch'an, ga, and ji.
In the early days of the Internet, the apostrophe and breve were even omitted altogether for both technical and practical reasons, which made it impossible to differentiate the strongly aspirated consonants k', t', p' and ch' from the unaspirated consonants k, t, p and ch, and the vowels ㅓ and ㅡ from ㅗ and ㅜ.
For example, if the diacritics in the MR rendering of the name of South Korean city Ch'ŏngju (청주; Cheongju) are omitted (Chongju), it overlaps with the name of North Korean city Chongju (정주; Jeongju). There is a claim of uncertain veracity that, during the 1950–1953 Korean War, the US Army accidentally (or almost) bombed the wrong city due to this.
As a result, the South Korean government introduced a revised system of romanization in 2000. However, Korean critics claimed that the Revised System fails to represent ㅓ and ㅡ in a way that is easily recognizable and misrepresents the way that the unaspirated consonants are actually pronounced.
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