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Merchant guild (Russian Empire)
Merchant guild (Russian: купеческая гильдия) was a form of organization of merchants in the Russian Empire. Since the late 18th century, membership in a guild was virtually compulsory for a trader to have the formal status of merchant. The guild system ended formally in 1917.
In the Kievan Rus, people involved in trade were traditionally referred to by three names: gosti (literally, guests), i.e. wealthy powerful merchants involved in international trade or foreign merchants; kuptsy (literally, merchants), i.e. any local merchant, and torgovtsy (literally, traders), i.e. small dealers in commodities.
In the second half of the 16th century, the traders and merchants of the Russian cities were collectively named posadskie lyudi, i.e. people residing at the posad, outskirts of towns, outside the city walls. By the late 1500s, Russian merchants were organized in three groups: gosti, trading people of the gostinnaya sotnya (literally: the guests' hundred) and the sukonnaya sotnya (mercers' hundred).
The first attempts to organize traders in hierarchical system were made by Peter the Great. In the 1720s, the posadskie lyudi involved in trade obtained the new collective name of 'kuptsy'. The rank of kuptsy now included gosti who previously did not belong to the posad.
On January 16, 1721, the Chief Magistrate of the Russian Empire, established two guilds: 1) bankers, merchants, major traders, city physicians, pharmacists, gold and silver jewellers, icon painters and artists; 2) small traders and craftsmen. In 1742 the term podlye lyudi (those who did not have formal town membership, and, thus, did not pay town taxes, 'irregular dealers') was replaced by the 3rd merchant guild. Now they were included in the tax system of towns.
According to the Commission of Commerce, in the 1760s, the 3rd guild made the majority (68.2%), the 2nd guild made 24.7%, and the 1st guild — 7.1%.
Until 1775, there was no particular capital rate for each guild.
The Manifesto of March 17, 1775, had finally confirmed the three merchant guilds, liberated merchants in the entire empire from capitation and separated them from the rest of city residents. The Manifesto required the fee of minimum 500 Rubles to acquire the status of merchant and 1% tax of the stated capital. Merchants entered a certain guild according to the stated capital.
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Merchant guild (Russian Empire) AI simulator
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Merchant guild (Russian Empire)
Merchant guild (Russian: купеческая гильдия) was a form of organization of merchants in the Russian Empire. Since the late 18th century, membership in a guild was virtually compulsory for a trader to have the formal status of merchant. The guild system ended formally in 1917.
In the Kievan Rus, people involved in trade were traditionally referred to by three names: gosti (literally, guests), i.e. wealthy powerful merchants involved in international trade or foreign merchants; kuptsy (literally, merchants), i.e. any local merchant, and torgovtsy (literally, traders), i.e. small dealers in commodities.
In the second half of the 16th century, the traders and merchants of the Russian cities were collectively named posadskie lyudi, i.e. people residing at the posad, outskirts of towns, outside the city walls. By the late 1500s, Russian merchants were organized in three groups: gosti, trading people of the gostinnaya sotnya (literally: the guests' hundred) and the sukonnaya sotnya (mercers' hundred).
The first attempts to organize traders in hierarchical system were made by Peter the Great. In the 1720s, the posadskie lyudi involved in trade obtained the new collective name of 'kuptsy'. The rank of kuptsy now included gosti who previously did not belong to the posad.
On January 16, 1721, the Chief Magistrate of the Russian Empire, established two guilds: 1) bankers, merchants, major traders, city physicians, pharmacists, gold and silver jewellers, icon painters and artists; 2) small traders and craftsmen. In 1742 the term podlye lyudi (those who did not have formal town membership, and, thus, did not pay town taxes, 'irregular dealers') was replaced by the 3rd merchant guild. Now they were included in the tax system of towns.
According to the Commission of Commerce, in the 1760s, the 3rd guild made the majority (68.2%), the 2nd guild made 24.7%, and the 1st guild — 7.1%.
Until 1775, there was no particular capital rate for each guild.
The Manifesto of March 17, 1775, had finally confirmed the three merchant guilds, liberated merchants in the entire empire from capitation and separated them from the rest of city residents. The Manifesto required the fee of minimum 500 Rubles to acquire the status of merchant and 1% tax of the stated capital. Merchants entered a certain guild according to the stated capital.