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Missile guidance

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Missile guidance AI simulator

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Missile guidance

Missile guidance methods are used to guide a missile or a guided bomb to its intended target. The missile's target accuracy is a critical factor for its effectiveness. Guidance systems improve missile accuracy by improving its Probability of Guidance (Pg).

These guidance technologies can generally be divided up into a number of categories, with the broadest categories being "command", "homing", and "non-homing" guidance. Missiles and guided bombs generally use similar types of guidance system, the difference between the two being that missiles are powered by an onboard engine, whereas guided bombs rely on the speed of the launch aircraft and gravity for propulsion.

In the late 1880s, Jules Verne featured in his fiction books a rocket-powered missile with a target seeker, proximity fuze, and a warhead.

During World War I, various nations experimented with guided missiles. Systems were developed for the first powered drones by Archibald Low (the father of radio guidance). In France, Pierre Lorin developed a radio-powered missile with the intention of using it to strike Berlin, but the French military was not interested in the project.

During World War II, guided missiles were developed as part of the German V-weapons program. At the time, Germany was limited by the Treaty of Versailles from developing conventional weapons, so they focused their efforts on new weapons outside the provisions of the treaty. Guided missiles were one such avenue of development. The American Army Air Forces had dozens of various programs experimenting with "flying bombs, glide bombs, and vertical bombs".

Following World War II, in the winter of 1946, President Harry S. Truman ordered funding cuts from programs across the American armed forces, particularly targeted at research and development. In response to these cuts, which became known as "the black Christmas of 1946", the Air Staff reduced the guided missile budget by 55%. By the end of March of the following year, 10 guided missile projects had been cancelled and 19 remained.

Upon the opening of the Korean War, American development of guided missiles was rapidly accelerated.

The first U.S. ballistic missile with a highly accurate inertial guidance system was the short-range PGM-11 Redstone.

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variety of methods of guiding a missile
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